Showing top 100 of 1,416 Stories
What is done to or for straight people in psychological therapies is not always wise to use with sexual minorities. Needs are different for sexual minorities and need to be seen via the sexual minority view called Progress Worldview. Progress Worldview is a method of looking at a case that is different from traditional methods.
2 therapies have been found that aid recovery and resilience for those who have suffered under gay conversion practices. Gay conversion therapy should be banned but unfortunately it is still a thriving cottage industry in countries like the UK and in Sri Lanka.
Gay conversion therapy combined with church cutting you off is soul-destroying. This is the story of a survivor and how he navigates some of the problems involved in leaving a large religious community. Life after conversion is difficult for many. The same is true for Matt
This is an interview with a gay man who has had many sexual encounters with men and wants to settle down with a man. But one big problem! In Sri Lanka he would not be accepted and he would be mocked and jeered at for simply following his natural love of men. He loves sex with men. He wants to settle down and have a family with a man. His culture states it is good to be a family and have a life partner. He wants his friend but instead he is forced into marrying a woman. The woman does not know about him and so she is entering into a marriage without knowing the full facts
This is an article to encourage nurses to use the TROG assessments. This assessment can help engagement. Reducing barriers to services. Many mental health patients with a learning disability complain of poor engagement. They believe that staff talking too much asking too many questions at once. Conducting a TROG2 will help to work together.
The application of psychological therapies for people with learning disabilities with depression and anxiety. Cognitive behaviour therapy is the main topic of the chapter but also research from positive psychology is referred to as well. It's a literature review of all studies packed into one chapter.
The availability of best practices for the LGBT population wanting psychological therapy. Evidence shows that therapist disclosure helps engagement as well as formulating to a minority stress framework as allowed to a heterosexual social phobia framework. This is followed by paper 2 the mixed-method review synthesis.
Looking into experiences of LGB patients in psychological therapies by reviewing literature over the past decades using a mixed-method review synthesis approach. There are some key ideas to learn about like firstly, therapist self-disclosure about sexual identity. A therapist disclosing identity aids the patient. Secondly, not all stresses are linked to minority stress. And third, internalised homophobia will lead to mental health problems.
Due to research methodology biased toward heteronormative expectations. Sexual minorities are excluded from the numbers. Instead, one rule fits all applies which leaves little for the sexual minority group. The data show that manualised cognitive therapy psychological intervention was more effective than TAU aftercare. However, these differences are not statistically significant.
Domestic violence in LGBT relationships is not new but are we aware of the implications? Do clinicians ask the questions? How to ask and then navigate the patient experience if they confess they are a victim. LGBT violence may not be obvious and hidden behind the minority stress and needing to conceal identity for fear of rejection.
How a service was quickly set up to help support nurses during one of the most difficult times in history. All over the U.K. Critical care nurses knew about and some used the service. BACCN were instrumental in helping this work but also the nurses helped each other via a supported network
This study looked at how different core materials affect the strength and weight of the carbon fiber body used to reinforce the Urban Garuda UNY vehicle for the Shell Eco-Marathon competition. The researchers tested two types of core materials—matt tissue and soric—by making composite samples and testing their strength and density in a lab at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The results showed that the soric material made the vehicle lighter, while the matt tissue material made it stronger. Based on these findings, the matt tissue is suggested for parts that need to be very strong, and soric is recommended for parts where keeping the vehicle light is important. This helps improve the vehicle’s performance by balancing strength and weight.
In this article, I compared the length of open-ended runs of Broadway plays and musicals to see of receiving a Tony Award nomination or win extended the show's run. I found that the Tony Award for Best Musical was the award most strongly associated with a longer run. Winning that Tony Award tripled a show's likelihood of remaining open. However, most awards and nominations had no statistically significant impact on the longevity of a Broadway production.
Many of the victims felt unable to provide for their families. 3 months after the tragedy victims were still unhoused and relying on the help of monks
Human ear will acknowledge as sound when frequency is in the range of 20 to 20000 Hz and more sensitive in the range of 500 4000 Hz. Heat and sound insulation panels are generally composed of nonwoven porous synthetic materials such as rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, polyester and etc. Though these materials have excellent acoustic properties at high frequencies, their structural properties are not enough to defend against low frequency noise. Multi purpose concert halls face a dilemma and they host classical music concerts, rock concerts and spoken word performances in a matter of a short period. These different performance types require significantly different acoustic conditions in order to provide the best sound quality to both the performers and the audience. Micro perforated panel absorber backed by air gap is also used in auditoriums and effective only in absorbing specified range of frequencies low frequency . Hence, it is clear that one type of acoustical absorbers is unable to attenuate wide spectrum of frequency noise. Increased usage of synthetic sound absorption materials leads to higher CO2 emission and other environmental issues. Therefore, many researches turned towards the production of insulating materials by using natural and bio based materials. Natural materials are becoming a valid alternative to synthetic materials and composite panel is proposed with coir fibre alone which is organic in nature, have excellent insulation against thermal and sound and more resistant to fungi rot. The present work has been focused on the sound absorption performance nonwoven porous coir matt mounted with and with out air gap, perforated panel faced porous coir matt with and with out air gap and perforated panel mounted with air gap. A. Muralikrishnan "Development of Hybrid Fibrous Panel for Controlling Acoustics in Home Theatre /Conference Hall" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18855.pdf
This research shows that healing from religious trauma isn't about "getting over it" or pretending it didn't happen. It's about integrating those painful experiences into a richer, more authentic life story.
How to understand communities today are being failed in health stakes. The past still holding some back
A lens to understand sexual minorities. A method of understanding in Talking therapies.
Still a way to go for full equal access to healthcare
When conducting research its important to consider the world view one holds (step 1) and with it how you understand that view (step 2). Once you understand both of these points then choosing the method of data collection (step 3) becomes easy.
we found that Wittig–Horner reagents react with heterocycles like Azalactones to give the corresponding dialkoxyphosphoryl, alkyl phosphonate, and heterocyclic products.
Times Square Remade is a powerful and well researched account of Times Square and 42nd Street’s urban transformations during the last 150 years or so (...) Though Times Square’s main contemporary features are likely known to planners, they will still learn new perspectives from reading Sagalyn’s latest book: city–state expropriations; partnerships, including tax abatements to corporations; the physical relocation of old theaters to a different location on West 42nd Street; the partial closure of Broadway to traffic; the creation of pedestrian plazas; ambitious cultural nonprofits; and the relatively soft commercial urbanism strategies of the “clean, safe and attractive” genre.
As American audiences navigate their way back to Broadway theaters, how can performing arts institutions across the country return to pre-pandemic levels of revenue? This paper details how American theater could embrace a more fiscally sound development-to-production model by embracing XR technology to reduce production costs while boosting audience engagement through genre bending immersive theatrical experiences.
The chapter considers the manner in which Woody Allen has employed storytelling devices in his work, and what effect these strategies have on the representation of women in his cinema. Given the special commercial and critical significance that Manhattan (1979) has within his oeuvre, it is this film that provides the central focus of the chapter. Issues relating to Allen’s use of voiceover narration, gendered agency/passivity and character binarism are considered in terms of how they impact upon the representation and function of Manhattan’s primary female characters. The work closes by considering how Broadway Danny Rose (1984) might be seen as an unofficial sequel of sorts to the aforementioned 1979 film, via its sympathetic rewriting of the narrative conclusion.
This paper seeks to understand why the author of the Gospel of Matthew prefaced the words "from now on" (Matt 26:64) to Jesus' response to the Jewish High Priest as recorded in the Gospel of Mark (13:62): "'You will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power' and 'coming with the clouds of heaven.'" In Mark's account Jesus' words seem to be referring to his Second Advent, but the addition by Matthew has led some scholars to think that in Matthew's version Jesus is speaking of his heavenly exaltation that would happen upon his resurrection from the dead. This paper considers various possibilities, but concludes that in the Gospel of Matthew as in the Gospel of Mark, Jesus is speaking of his Second Advent. The Greek words translated "from now on" emphasize that Jesus' appearance before the Jewish court is a dramatic turning point. When they see Jesus again, after his trial and execution, they will not see him as a humiliated prisoner, but as the glorious "Son of Man" long again prophesied by the prophet Daniel (7:13-14).
The Chromolume –– the light machine that appears in the second act of Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine's musical Sunday in the Park with George –– reflects both historical understandings of the relationship between art, science, and light and contemporary uses of theatrical technology. This piece treats the Chromolume both as a work of art (color painting / light art) within the narrative and on the stage. This article explores how two different productions of Sunday (the original 1984 production and the 2017 Broadway revival) construct the Chromolume.
In the essay, I argue that Lin-Manuel Miranda’s In the Heights (2008) and Hamilton (2015) find their inspiration in a generative conflict between individualism and community, freedom and property, whiteness and blackness, and empathy and complicity. The contradictory thematic pressures organizing Miranda’s musicals are the product of a complex negotiation with the institution of Broadway and its historic (mis)representation of people of color.
You can already test whether or not two distributions are identical with tests like Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling. For example, you can test if control group and treatment group distributions differ (i.e., did the treatment have any effect?), or two socioeconomic group distributions, etc. But sometimes you also want to know *where* the distributions differ. The new distcomp command reports ranges of values where two distributions are statistically different, while controlling the false positive rate appropriately. It's based on my 2018 Journal of Econometrics paper with Matt Goldman.
The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (Didache), a composite text of which the sources, if not the work as a whole, are generally dated to the first or early second centuries, offers scholars a window into the life of a group of nascent Christian communities. Often characterized as a “church manual,” the work begins with a baptismal catechesis in the form of the Two Ways of life and death, it continues with instructions on performing the rites of baptism and eucharist, including the practices of prayer and fasting, it follows with guidance regarding leadership and other community matters, and it concludes with a description of the endtime. This focus on practical concerns makes the Didache of special importance for the historical reconstruction of the church because it not only supplements the contemporary, canonical texts, but complements them. Moreover, while certainly Jewish in nature, the work appears to be directed specifically to gentiles, evidenced not only by its full title—The Teaching of the Lord through the Twelve Apostles to the Gentiles— but also by its content. One example of this is the fact that the Second Table of the Decalogue features prominently in the Two Ways catechesis, where it has been interpreted and supplemented with an eye toward gentile practices. Still, in its conclusion (6.1–2), the Two Ways declares, “If you are able to bear the whole yoke of the Lord, you will be perfect,” a phrase that surely reflects the Jewish use of “yoke” as a metaphor for the Law of Moses (for examples in the New Testament, see Gal 5:1; Acts 15:10; and Jesus’s “yoke” in Matt 11:29–30). What is intended by the “whole yoke” in this context? Important and influential voices such as Jonathan Draper, Huub van de Sandt, and others, have argued that the Didachist ultimately requires of gentile converts full Torah compliance in order to achieve salvation (“perfection”) in the endtime, an interpretation that, over the last three decades, has become increasingly accepted. The purpose of this study is twofold: first to review and advance the minority position that the “yoke” in the context of the Didache is not the Torah but the interpretation of Torah presented by the Two Ways; second, to argue that both the Two Ways, a text originally created/adapted for the moral instruction of gentile converts, and the entire Didache, an expansion of the Two Ways into a more wide-ranging community instruction, were the products of a Jewish Christian community specifically for use by gentile Christian communities. The catechism’s final command regarding Jewish dietary laws—namely, that ”one is to “bear what you are able” but certainly to keep away from meat sacrificed to idols (6.3)—is argued to be a later addition to the original text, likely due to an increase in interaction between Jewish and gentile Christians.
Musical theatre has a complex relationship with aging (and especially female aging). As youth has always been at the forefront of musicals, essentialist approaches to aging in articulation and enactment of aging musical characters often lead to aesthetic peripheries and creative stagnation. Aiming for a deeper understanding of how female aging vocalities are perceived, dramaturged and performed in musical theatre, the article discusses perceptions and dramaturgical representations in musicals and takes under consideration viewpoints from aging female performers who work at the centre of the musical theatre industry (Broadway and The West End). Situated at the intersection of interdisciplinary voice studies and musical theatre studies while also drawing from age studies and music studies, it examines, under the lens of intersectional feminism, two aging female characters: Madame Armfeldt in the musical A Little Night Music and Grandma in Billy Elliot the Musical. This study stems from a four-year doctoral project which has proposed the conceptual framework of the aging female voice as pharmakon in musicals, in order to further understand how the aging voice oscillates between progressive and regressive elements embodied and envoiced within each of the roles examined.
Decades before he emerged as Broadway's 'eminence grise', Sondheim, who is 'nothing if not critical', offered penetrating but occasionally self-serving self-criticism of his own work, in particular the 'West Side Story' lyrics. Later, Sondheim's unwavering negative assessment of 'Do I Hear a Waltz' as well as the dispiriting collaborative experience of creating it, has succeeded, despite growing dissent, in seriously damaging the critical reputation of this worthy, if imperfect. The article argues that Sondheim's personal and artistic animosity has lead to a rewriting of Broadway reception history that bears closer examination and challenge.
Ghosts of Love: ‘Ohio Impromptu,’ and ‘. . .but the clouds. . .’ S. E. Gontarski My association with “Ohio Impromptu” began, near its origins; I managed to get Beckett to write it then produced its world premiere performance at the “Samuel Beckett: Humanistic Perspectives” conference at The Ohio State University in May of 1981. Its follow-up presentations were at the Edinburgh Festival and subsequently off-Broadway, where it played with “What Where” and “Catastrophe” and where it won Beckett the sixth Obie of his career. I subsequently staged the play myself at the Magic Theater in San Francisco in September 1986 for a program called Visions of Beckett. This essay features my second staging of “Ohio Impromptu,” a bi-lingual, imagistic, multi-media performance that I directed in Sopot, Poland in May of 2016 with Polish filmmaker Elvin Flamingo as a laboratory performance in which the live image was only a single instance drawn from a space filled with images of alternate possibilities that, in some senses, overshadowed the live performance. In Poland I could again work with English actor, Jon McKenna, with whom I did Breath-Text-Breath in London in 2011 and which was performed in Sopot and Gdansk in May of 2012. I also worked with legendary Polish actor, Ryszard Ronchewski, who played Lucky in the original Polish production of Waiting for Godot in the 1950s. In this Polish version of the play, Ryszard would read from Antoni Libera’s translation of the play with Libera himself on hand for this performance.
The episode of the Bethlehem massacre (Matt 2:16-18) uses many levels of intertextuality as a rhetorical device, to solicit an emotional response powerful enough to influence the reader’s worldview. What effect do these intertexts have on Matthew’s readers? How is this affective appeal concerning Rachel’s tears intended to impact the reader’s response to Matthew’s story? Rachel weeping is an emotionally charged image that somehow merges two opposites: hope and sorrow. The intertextuality of this figure can influence readers encouraging them to criticize imperial ideologies that have used violence against innocent people in the past, and oppose those which do so currently.
Most people think of the Great Commission (Matt 28:18-20) when they think of our responsibility for Christian mission. But Luke's two books (Luke and Acts) emphasize how mission to Jews and Gentiles spells out Jesus' identity as "Lord of all." Participating in this universal mission in Acts, therefore, is an opportunity for witnesses to "discover" the full scope of Jesus' identity and to be transformed by this discovery.
This work evaluates the performance and operative limits to dimensional accuracy of 3D Optical scanning based on Blue-Light fringe projection technology. This technology, also known as Structured Light 3D scanning, is widely used in many Reverse Engineering applications. It allows to quickly capture and create point clouds, by using images taken at different orientations of white or blue light fringe projected patterns on the part. For the survey, a large and feature-based gauge has been used with optical specific properties. The gauge is endowed with canonical geometrical features made of matt white ceramic material. The gauge was calibrated using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) by contact. Therefore, it is possible to compare the measurements obtained by the structured Blue-Light sensor with those obtained by the CMM, which are used as reference. In the experimentation, the influence of the scanner software in the measurement results was also analysed. Besides, different tests were carried out for the different fields of view (FOV) of the sensor. The survey offers some practical values and limits to the accuracy obtained in each configuration.
Although referendums have been used for centuries to settle ethnonational conflicts, there has yet been no systematic study or generalized theory concerning their effectiveness. Referendums and Ethnic Conflict fills the gap with a comparative and empirical analysis of all the referendums held on ethnic and national issues from the French Revolution to the 2012 referendum on statehood for Puerto Rico. Drawing on political theory and descriptive case studies, Matt Qvortrup creates typologies of referendums that are held to endorse secession, redraw disputed borders, legitimize a policy of homogenization, or otherwise manage ethnic or national differences. He considers the circumstances that compel politicians to resort to direct democracy, such as regime change, and the conditions that might exacerbate a violent response.
This essay thinks through how gesture, small symbolic, and functional embodiments shape meaning, choreographic organization, and production practices in Deaf West's 2015-2016 Broadway production of SPRING AWAKENING at the Brooks Atkinson Theater in New York City.
The article addresses the multimodal nature of Matt Kish’s project “Every Page of Moby-Dick, Illustrated”, where Herman Melville’s 1851 masterpiece is set as paratext. Particular focus is set on the portrayals of Captain Ahab, specifically “Page153”, “Page 465” and “Page 469”. The basic theoretical framework has been offered by Alice Gibbons’ theorization of multimodal cognitive poetics and Sigrid Norris’ systematization of multimodal (inter)action. Useful insight has been lent by Sharon Cameron’s work on allegories of the body in Melville’s writing. The given analysis aims to pinpoint the elements of innovation in Kish’s work with respect to the canonical formal features of the illustrated book and renewing of literary classics in multimodal terms.
Purpose: When assessing bilingual children’s speech, it is important to determine whether the errors are indicative of a true speech sound disorder or a speech sound difference. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide cultural and linguistic background of Mandarin in comparison to English and to outline the process of speech production assessment for Mandarin–English bilingual children. Method: Pertinent literature was reviewed around varieties of Chinese, unique features of the Mandarin sound system, commonly used transcription methods (International Phonetic Alphabet and Pinyin), and patterns of Mandarin-influenced English. Previous research findings on the acquisition of consonants, vowels, and tones in monolingual Mandarin-speaking children were summarized. Results: The assessment process including consonants, vowels, tones, syllable structures, and lexical stress was described and illustrated with flow charts. Recourses related to cultural and linguistic information of Mandarin and accessible assessment materials are referenced. Conclusions: A thorough knowledge of a child’s language background is crucial in planning assessment of speech production for Mandarin–English bilingual children. A comparative understanding of the sound systems of Mandarin and English facilitates clinical decision making.
This essay examines the role of yellowface performance in Cohan’s 1904 production. By exchanging the “yellow” body for that of the black, pairing visible acts of yellowface caricature with “ethnic” leitmotivs, and lacing an otherwise syncopated production with ambiguous musical phrases, Cohan disguises the musical’s strong Africanist presence.
A profile based on rarely granted interviews of David Stone the Broadway producer of Wicked, Next to Normal, The Vagina Monologues, and The Diary of Anne Frank.
A clear point by point discussion of how popular television's Doctor is a Christ figure. Limited to the eleventh incarnation played by Matt Smith, this is how to use entertainment to uplift and teach morality.
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has been defined as a systematic approach to developing students’ knowledge and/or skills that uses a computer as a central feature to support instruction via activities including, but not limited to, presenting materials, assessing progress, and guiding activities (Anohina, 2005). CAI is a subset of technology-aided instruction, and is distinct from online, internet, or other network learning in that CAI implies the software is local to the computer, not accessed via the internet.
Ferryman Collective is a diverse group of creators interested in furthering the emerging art of live theater in virtual reality. This article is about their award-winning production, Gumball Dreams, discussing the process and team that created this unique show and highlighting the challenges and affordances of performing theater in VR. Gumball Dreams had its world premiere at SXSW where it won the Audience Award for XR Experience Competition. It then went on to have their International Premiere at the 79th Venice International Film Festival, and it’s Asia premier where it was the Winner of the VR Golden Fire Ball Award at the Kaohsiung Film Festival. It played at the Denver and Imagine Film Festival before winning ‘Best Immersive Performance’ at Raindance Immersive. Gumball Dreams was named the XR Must Winner of: Creator of the Year, Best 2022 Experience, Best Live Experience.
This article considers the urban landscape of New York City’s theatre district in the 1970s and how its identity as a contested space provides insight into key cultural shifts, including changes to the regulation of media, variance and convergence between industrial practices in the film industry, and discursive struggles between culture and capital.
In this paper there was a key which is the presence of potassium nitrite which added to Watts bath to obtain black nickel by electrodeposition
Synthesis of novel organophosphorus and heterocyclic structures using organophosphorus reagents and their biological activities.
Evidence hidden in plain sight for over a century suggests that the actor Edwin Forrest gave a speech that influenced Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg Address.
This is a book review of Maya Cantu's book.
NSG Pilkington are world leaders in the manufacture of glass and glazing solutions. A critical component of their business is the development of functional glass coatings that serve high value applications in markets such as automotive, architectural glass and displays. Working with the Materials Innovation Factory (MIF) at the University of Liverpool, NSG aimed to discover new high-performance, transparent conducting materials, to underpin the development of the next generation of their market-leading products. Through a research project supported by the Knowledge Centre for Materials Chemistry (KCMC) partnership and EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account funding, NSG worked with MIF academics Professor Matt Rosseinsky, Dr Matthew Dyer and Dr Chris Collins from the University of Liverpool, and STFC’s Hartree Centre to discover new high performance transparent conducting materials. The project combined computational methods to explore structural and compositional space using MC-EMMA computational code developed by the University of Liverpool team with high power supercomputing capabilities and expertise from the Hartree Centre to increase the scale of the search for transparent conducting materials. The research team successfully used this approach to discover new materials for NSG which had properties relevant to LED lighting, and energy generation and storage, and they are now developing a suite of codes integrated with experimental approaches for functional materials discovery. The exploitation of key discovery tools which had been developed at the University of Liverpool on Hartree Centre high performance computing platforms was enabled through the KCMC’s Materials Innovation Translator funding programme, which provided computational scientists to optimise and port the materials discovery code. Building upon this success, EPSRC Impact Accelerator Account funding provided an opportunity for a two-year secondment for Dr Andy Zeng from the University of Liverpool to work across the three project partners, and access to STFC facilities was provided via their Bridging for Innovators (B4I) scheme.
Interdisciplinary study is increasingly popular for understanding and resolving wicked complex problems. Our ability to understand such problems is hampered by our theories (which, to be blunt, are not very good... yet). This article provides a clear and rigorous path to understanding and integrating theories within and between disciplines. This way, we can make better theories to better address our problems.
The parable of the Talents has long been understood as a call to faithfulness in Christian service. I have argued that while the parable does indeed call for faithfulness, it also gives a very specific focus to that faithfulness. Matthew's Jesus told the parable to exhort his disciples to faithfulness in carrying out the worldwide expansion of the kingdom of God, the responsibility these disciples would be entrusted with by their master in the post-Easter period. The parable also anticipates the disciples carrying out this task in a hostile social context and warns against giving way to fear.
The paper focuses on the growth and concentration of corporate power in neo-colonialism and the importance of investigative journalism in unmasking and resisting such phenomena. This paper argues for greater engagement with investigative journalism in developing a more societally engaged and politically salient approach to scholarly research.
An orthodontic clinical pearl specially designed to simplify day today's complex orthodontic treatment needs.
Synthesizes the doctrine of clarity of Scripture with Calvin's divine accommodation and Stephen Wellum's new concept of the unfolding covenants of the Old Testament revealed and culminating in Christ. I make the case that learning happens because God intended it to happen and He modeled the ideal pedagogy to us in His covenants with mankind.
Some SLPs involved in the care of individuals with dysphagia use waivers of liability. What is a waiver of liability? When do SLPs use them? Is using a waiver of liability in the healthcare context ethical? legally enforceable? These issues are placed in the context of the rights of patients to consent and refuse care, and SLPs' ethical responsibilities to hold their clients interests paramount.
One way for theologically evangelical Christians to integrate their faith and learning is to view the process from a perspective that puts the Bible at the definitive pinnacle for interpreting all things. Lev Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development shows strong parallels to John Calvin's understanding of divine accommodation, and this article shows that determining that process allows for evangelical Christians to apply portions of Vygotsky's ZPD to their own efforts in education.
Theologians are not always explicit about their methodologies. Phenomenology is a philosophical approach focusing on what is given to experience; a hermeneutic approach to phenomenology recognises that what is given in experience is always interpreted. Recent French philosophers argue that we can use a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology in theology. Their opponents argue that phenomenology can't be used in theology, because phenomenology cannot presume belief in God. In this article, I argue that phenomenology cannot presume either the existence OR the non-existence of God, so that it has to remain open to the possibility that God can affect experience.
