What is it about?

This study aims to quantify the consumption systemic antibiotics (J01)—in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)—in Ethiopia’s public healthcare sector (2016–2020). By so doing, it attempts to capture the extent of population exposure to antibiotics in the country. Data were also compared with those from Norway to establish rough estimate of the country’s status vis-à-vis some globally acknowledged better practices with regard to optimal use of antibiotics. Raw data obtained from registers of Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency were converted into DDD, per the standard methodology recommended by WHO. To control for population size, antibiotics consumption data were presented as DID. Since official population census data for Ethiopia were not available for the study period, population projection data from the World Bank were used. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics increased from 11.02 DID in 2016 to 12.83 DID in 2020 in Ethiopia—an increase by 16.4%. Moreover, analysis of a log-linear regression model showed that the average growth rate in the community-based systemic antibiotics consumption per year between 2016 and 2020 was about 3.3% (R2 = 0.89). The highest percentage change in community-based systemic antibiotics consumption happened for glycopeptides (J01XA) and the fourth generation cephalosporins (J01DE)—1300% and 600% compared to the baseline year (2016), respectively. At product level, 9 antibiotics constituted the common domain in the list of medication cocktails in the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) for the study period. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics for Ethiopia and Norway showed opposite trends, calling for public health policy actions in Ethiopia.

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Why is it important?

Studies of this kind conducted on antibiotic utilization trends are so important as they document data to be used for evaluating impacts of antimicrobial stewardship policies. Such studies also help determine correlations between the use of specific classes of antibiotics and trends in emergence of resistance (resistance-epidemiology).

Perspectives

I consider writing this article as one of my most important contributions for the thematic area of scientific research, especially when viewed from the fact that the Ethiopian data on consumption of antibiotics is the first documentation and analysis based on official records.

Girma Gutema

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This page is a summary of: Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions, PLoS ONE, May 2021, PLOS,
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251400.
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