Publication
Global, regional and national burden of dietary iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease study
Sooji Lee, Yejun Son, Jiyoung Hwang, Min Seo Kim, Jae Il Shin, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Semagn Mekonnen Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Meriem Abdoun, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Armita Abedi, Alemwork Abie, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Hasan Abualruz, Hana J. Abukhadijah, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Lawan Hassan Adamu, Mesafint Molla Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Saira Afzal, Suneth Buddhika Agampodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Aqeel Ahmad, Muayyad M. Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Karolina Akinosoglou, Ema Akter, Salah Al Awaidy, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Omar Al Omari, Muaaz M. Alajlani, Ziyad Al-Aly, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer, Mohammed Albashtawy, Wafa A. Aldhaleei, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Abid Ali, Akhtar Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Ali, Shohreh Alian Samakkhah, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Sabah Al-Marwani, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Sami Almustanyir, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Rajaa M. Mohammad Al-Raddadi, Mohammed A. Alsabri, Zaid Altaany, Awais Altaf, Alaa B. Al-Tammemi, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Hany Aly, Karem H. Alzoubi, Reza Amani, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Saeid Anvari, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Demelash Areda, Brhane Berhe Aregawi, Abdulfatai Aremu, Hany Ariffin, Mesay Arkew, Ni Ketut Aryastami, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Jamila Abdulhamid Atata, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Alok Atreya, Amlaku Mulat Aweke, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nasser Bagheri, Saeed Bahramian, Atif Amin Baig, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Wondu Feyisa Balcha, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Simachew Animen Bante, Afisu Basiru, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Kavita Batra, Tahmina Begum, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Luis Belo, Isabela M. Bensenor, Girma Beressa, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Devidas S. Bhagat, Neeraj Bhala, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Prarthna V. Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Bijit Biswas, Trupti Bodhare, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Archith Boloor, Kaustubh Bora, Hamed Borhany, Souad Bouaoud, Yasser Bustanji, Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Fan Cao, Monica Cattafesta, Luca Cegolon, Francieli Cembranel, Muthia Cenderadewi, Kelly M. Cercy, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Rama Mohan Chandika, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Haowei Chen, Gerald Chi, Patrick R. Ching, Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres, William C. S. Cho, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Federica Concina, Michael H. Criqui, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Alanna Gomes da Silva, Omid Dadras, Emanuele D’Amico, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Saswati Das, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Shayom Debopadhaya, Cristian Del Bo’, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Fikreab Desta, Devananda Devegowda, Amol S. Dhane, Vishal R. Dhulipala, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Saeid Doaei, Sushil Dohare, Mario D’Oria, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Robert Kokou Dowou, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Senbagam Duraisamy, Sulagna Dutta, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Aziz Eftekharimehrabad, Foolad Eghbali, Michael Ekholuenetale, Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy, Iffat Elbarazi, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Muhammed Elhadi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Theophilus I. Emeto, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Patrick Fazeli, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Nuno Ferreira, Florian Fischer, Bobirca Teodor Florin, Morenike Oluwatoyin Oluwátóyìn Folayan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Takeshi Fukumoto, Blima Fux, G. Sridevi, Muktar A. Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Yaseen Galali, Aravind P. Gandhi, William M. Gardner, Rupesh K. Gautam, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Tesfay B. B. Gebremariam, Habtamu Geremew, Lemma Getacher, Genanew K. Getahun, Molla Getie, Simegnew Asmer Getie, Delaram J. Ghadimi, Khalid Yaser Ghailan, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Artyom Urievich Gil, Bikash Ranjan Giri, Alem Abera Girmay, Alessandra C. Goulart, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Anish Kumar Gupta, Ishita Gupta, Rajat Das Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Parham Habibzadeh, Najah R. Hadi, Hailey Hagins, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Nadia M. Hamdy, Samer Hamidi, Alexis J. Handal, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Md Saquib Hasnain, Ikrama Ibrahim Hassan, Hadi Hassankhani, Simon I. Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mehdi Hemmati, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Junjie Huang, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie, Javid Hussain, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Nayu Ikeda, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Arit Inok, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Md. Rabiul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Assefa N. Iyasu, Mahalaxmi Iyer, J. Vinothini, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Kasra Jahankhani, Akhil Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Safayet Jamil, Talha Jawaid, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Shubha Jayaram, Belayneh Hamdela Jena, Bijay Mukesh Jeswani, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B. Jonas, Jobinse Jose, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Dler H. Hussein Kadir, Farima Kahe, Leila R. Kalankesh, Arun Kamireddy, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Rami S. Kantar, Jafar Karami, Arman Karimi Behnagh, Joonas H. Kauppila, Navjot Kaur, Gbenga A. Kayode, Kefita Kashala Kayola, Adera Debella Kebede, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Himanshu Khajuria, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Nauman Khalid, Alireza Khalilian, Maseer Khan, Vishnu Khanal, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Khalid A. Kheirallah, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Manoj Khokhar, Atulya Aman Khosla, Majid Khosravi, Helda Khusun, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Shivakumar KM Shivakumar, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Soewarta Kosen, Kewal Krishan, Mohammed Kuddus, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Dewesh Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Om P. Kurmi, Frank Kyei-Arthur, Chandrakant Lahariya, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Iván Landires, Kamaluddin Latief, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Munjae Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, An Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S. Lim, Jialing Lin, Xuefeng Liu, Ashwini Lonimath, José Francisco López-Gil, Platon D. Lopukhov, László Lorenzovici, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jailos Lubinda, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Zheng Feei Ma, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Ahmad Azam Malik, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Yosef Manla, Emmanuel Manu, Mirko Marino, Miquel Martorell, Roy Rillera Marzo, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Elezebeth Mathews, Medha Mathur, Andrea Maugeri, Mohsen Mazidi, Theresa A. McHugh, Asim Mehmood, Rahul Mehra, Kala M. Mehta, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Birye Dessalegn Mekonnen, Hadush Negash Meles, Endalkachew Belayneh Melese, Max Alberto Mendez-Lopez, Walter Mendoza, Tomislav Mestrovic, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda, Sachith Mettananda, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Le Huu Nhat Minh, GK Mini, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Awoke Misganaw, Madhukar Mittal, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Ameen Mosa Mohammad, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Saeed Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf, Maryam Moradi, Abbas Mosapour, Rohith Motappa, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Sumaira Mubarik, Sumoni Mukherjee, Francesk Mulita, Kavita Munjal, Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan, Christopher J. L. Murray, Ana-Maria Musina, Ghulam Mustafa, Sathish Muthu, Muhammad Muzaffar, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Pirouz Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Soroush Najdaghi, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Kannothu Thazha Kuni Nandu, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Delaram Narimani Davani, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Zuhair S. Natto, Javaid Nauman, Muhammad Naveed, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, G. Takop Nchanji, Amanuel Tebabal Nega, Mulata H. Nega, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Duc Hoang Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Nhan Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y. Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Ali Nikoobar, Efaq Ali Noman, Shuhei Nomura, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, N. A. Nawsherwan, Mehran Nouri, Majid Nozari, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Dieta Nurrika, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, James Odhiambo Oguta, Tolulope R. Ojo-Akosile, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T. Olagunju, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Ahmed Omar Bali, Michal Ordak, Alberto Ortiz, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Amel Ouyahia, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P. A. Mahesh Padukudru, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Paola Pani, Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Shahina Pardhan, Pragyan Paramita Parija, Romil R. Parikh, Seoyeon Park, Roberto Passera, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, Shankargouda Patil, Dimitrios Patoulias, Shrikant Pawar, Minjin Peng, Prince Peprah, Gavin Pereira, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Norberto Perico, Anil K. Philip, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Dimitri Poddighe, Ramesh Poluru, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Jalandhar Pradhan, Manya Prasad, Bharathi M. Purohit, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Ibrahim Qattea, Asma Saleem Qazi, R. Deepthi, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Pankaja Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Mohammad Rahmanian, Vahid Rahmanian, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Adarsh Raja, Sandesh Raja, Vinoth Rajendran, Prashant Rajput, Koushik Ramachandra, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Kritika Rana, Rishabh Kumar Rana, Amey Rane, Chythra R. Rao, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J. Rao, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani, Devarajan Rathish, Salman Rawaf, Rabail Zehra Raza, Christian Razo, Elrashdy M. Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Kannan RR Rengasamy, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Muhammad Riaz, Jennifer Rickard, Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha, Leonardo Roever, Ravi Rohilla, Luca Ronfani, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Bedanta Roy, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Aly M. A. Saad, Cameron John Sabet, Siamak Sabour, Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Umar Saeed, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Luciane B. Salaroli, Samreen Saleem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M. Samy, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, Itamar S. Santos, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Aswini Saravanan, Tanmay Sarkar, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C. Sarode, Brijesh Sathian, Anudeep Sathyanarayan, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Abu Sayeed, Art Schuermans, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Mohammad H. Semreen, Pallav Sengupta, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Yashendra Sethi, Christianus Heru Setiawan, Mahan Shafie, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahid, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Alireza Shakeri, Sunder Sham, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Anas Shamsi, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Mohd Shanawaz, Mohammed Shannawaz, Medha Sharath, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi Rad, Anupam Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Maryam Shayan, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Rekha Raghuveer Shenoy, Mahabalesh Shetty, Pavanchand H. Shetty, Premalatha K. Shetty, Shiran Shetty, Rahman Shiri, Aminu Shittu, Velizar Shivarov, Sunil Shrestha, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Baljinder Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Jasbir Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Surjit Singh, Farrukh Sobia, Ranjan Solanki, Shipra Solanki, Soroush Soraneh, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Hani Susianti, Chandan Kumar Swain, Lukasz Szarpak, Mindy D. Szeto, T. Y. Sree Sudha, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Celine Tabche, Jabeen Taiba, Iman M. Talaat, Mircea Tampa, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Md. Tariqujjaman, Nathan Y. Tat, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Rekha Thapar, Samar Tharwat, Sathish Thirunavukkarasu, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Krishna Tiwari, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc Ha Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Domenico Trico, Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Saeed Ullah, Shahid Ullah, Muhammad Umar, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Tolassa Wakayo Ushula, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Sanaz Vahdati, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Rohollah Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Joe Varghese, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Balachandar Vellingiri, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Dominique Vervoort, Manish Vinayak, Simona Ruxandra Volovat, Yasir Waheed, Yanzhong Wang, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Holly Wild, Peter Willeit, Abay Tadesse Woday, Yihun Miskir Wubie, Xiaoyue Xu, Vikas Yadav, Amir Yarahmadi, Sanni Yaya, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Muluken Yigezu, Dehui Yin, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Nelson Zamora, Iman Zare, Mohammed G. M. Zeariya, Naod Gebrekrstos Zeru, Haijun Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Claire Chenwen Zhong, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Hafsa Zia, Ghazal Zoghi, Sa’ed H. Zyoud, Nandita Perumal, Leo Zoeckler, Victor Vilchis-Tella, Susan A. McLaughlin, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon, Nicholas. J. Kassebaum
Nature Reports Stem Cells, April 2025, Springer Science + Business Media
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03624-8