All Stories

  1. Hypercompetition, score compression and AI co-authorship: a perfect storm for grant success rates
  2. Cancer-Causing Mutations Alter the Interplay Between Loop Dynamics and Catalysis in the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2
  3. Minimal Perturbation of Activation Loop Dynamics Rewires Kinase Signaling
  4. Loop dynamics, allostery, and function in protein tyrosine phosphatases: insights from molecular simulations
  5. Conformational Dynamics and Catalytic Backups in a Hyper-thermostable Engineered Archaeal Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase
  6. A personal journey through academia as a neurodiverse scientist
  7. WatCon: A Python Tool for Analysis of Conserved Water Networks Across Protein Families
  8. Mechanistic Elucidation and Stereochemical Consequences of Alternative Binding of Alkenyl Substrates by Engineered Arylmalonate Decarboxylase
  9. Generative AI techniques for conformational diversity and evolutionary adaptation of proteins
  10. Students must not be collateral damage in immigration clampdowns
  11. Deciphering the evolutionary origin of the enantioselectivity of short-chain dehydrogenases from plants toward 1-borneol
  12. Complete computational design of high-efficiency Kemp elimination enzymes
  13. WatCon: A Python Tool for Analysis of Conserved Water Networks Across Protein Families
  14. WatCon: A Python Tool for Analysis of Conserved Water Networks Across Protein Families
  15. The need to implement FAIR principles in biomolecular simulations
  16. Enzyme Enhancement Through Computational Stability Design Targeting NMR-Determined Catalytic Hotspots
  17. NIH’s 15% cap: a cost comparison and research outlook
  18. Redefining the Limits of Functional Continuity in the Early Evolution of P-Loop NTPases
  19. Using AI to prepare for academic interviews – don’t trade authenticity for polish
  20. High-efficiency Kemp eliminases by complete computational design
  21. Targeting MarA N‐terminal domain dynamics to prevent DNA binding
  22. Enzyme enhancement through computational stability design targeting NMR-determined catalytic hotspots
  23. Using residue interaction networks to understand protein function and evolution and to engineer new proteins
  24. The winter holidays are glorious—except when they’re not
  25. Catalytic Redundancies and Conformational Plasticity Drives Selectivity and Promiscuity in Quorum Quenching Lactonases
  26. Conformational Modulation of a Mobile Loop Controls Catalysis in the (βα)8-Barrel Enzyme of Histidine Biosynthesis HisF
  27. Mandatory national language requirements in higher education
  28. SHP-1 Variants Broaden the Understanding of pH-Dependent Activities in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  29. Enzyme enhancement through computational stability design targeting NMR-determined catalytic hotspots
  30. Conformational modulation of a mobile loop controls catalysis in the (βα)8-barrel enzyme of histidine biosynthesis HisF
  31. In vitro fertilization and the ethics of frozen embryos
  32. Catalytic Redundancies and Conformational Plasticity Drives Selectivity and Promiscuity in Quorum Quenching Lactonases
  33. Key interaction networks: Identifying evolutionarily conserved non‐covalent interaction networks across protein families
  34. The N-terminal helix of MarA as a key element in the mechanism of DNA binding
  35. The ineligibility barrier for international researchers in US academia
  36. SHP-1 Variants Broaden the Understanding of pH-Dependent Activities in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  37. Artificial, biomimetic and hybrid enzymes: general discussion
  38. Friends and relatives: insight into conformational regulation from orthologues and evolutionary lineages using KIF and KIN
  39. Sequence – dynamics – function relationships in protein tyrosine phosphatases
  40. How to write a successful graduate school application
  41. Correction to “Micelle Maker: An Online Tool for Generating Equilibrated Micelles as Direct Input for Molecular Dynamics Simulations”
  42. Key Interaction Networks: Identifying Evolutionarily Conserved Non-Covalent Interaction Networks Across Protein Families
  43. A sensor complements the steric gate when DNA polymerase ϵ discriminates ribonucleotides
  44. Progress in using deep learning to treat cancer
  45. Representation matters: responding to the current campaign against DEI efforts
  46. Publisher Correction: Loop dynamics and the evolution of enzyme activity
  47. Sequence – Dynamics – Function Relationships in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  48. Loop dynamics and the evolution of enzyme activity
  49. Science after Brexit: bright spots on the Horizon?
  50. KIF—Key Interactions Finder: A program to identify the key molecular interactions that regulate protein conformational changes
  51. Q-RepEx: A Python pipeline to increase the sampling of empirical valence bond simulations
  52. The perceived decline of “disruptive” science and technology
  53. Conformational Selection of a Tryptophan Side Chain Drives the Generalized Increase in Activity of PET Hydrolases through a Ser/Ile Double Mutation
  54. KIF – Key Interactions Finder: A Program to Identify the Key Molecular Interactions that Regulate Protein Conformational Changes
  55. Allosteric rescue of catalytically impaired ATP phosphoribosyltransferase variants links protein dynamics to active-site electrostatic preorganisation
  56. Q-RepEx: A Python Pipeline to Increase the Sampling of Empirical Valence Bond Simulations
  57. Scholars in peril: when being a scientist can land you in jail (or worse)
  58. Conformational Selection of a Tryptophan Side Chain Drives the Generalized Increase in Activity of PET Hydrolases Through a Ser/Ile Double Mutation
  59. In Silico Ligand Docking Approaches to Characterise the Binding of Known Allosteric Modulators to the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor and Prediction of ADME/Tox Properties
  60. Late‐termination of pregnancy for medical reasons: when abortion isn’t really by choice
  61. A Structural View into the Complexity of Carbon Dioxide Fixation
  62. Correction to “Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases”
  63. Exploiting enzyme evolution for computational protein design
  64. Computational Advances in Protein Engineering and Enzyme Design
  65. Complex Loop Dynamics Underpin Activity, Specificity, and Evolvability in the (βα)8 Barrel Enzymes of Histidine and Tryptophan Biosynthesis
  66. Adventures on the Routes of Protein Evolution—In Memoriam Dan Salah Tawfik (1955–2021)
  67. 5 suggestions to increase grant application success rates
  68. Essential Functional Interplay of the Catalytic Groups in Acid Phosphatase
  69. Complex Loop Dynamics Underpin Activity, Specificity and Evolvability in the (βα)8 Barrel Enzymes of Histidine and Tryptophan Biosynthesis
  70. From flying cats to dancing proteins
  71. Insights into the importance of WPD-loop sequence for activity and structure in protein tyrosine phosphatases
  72. How to write a successful postdoc application – the PI perspective
  73. Insights into the Importance of WPD-Loop Sequence for Activity and Structure in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  74. Prenatal genetic screening and the evolving quest for “perfect babies”: at what cost for genetic diversity?
  75. The N-terminal Helix-Turn-Helix Motif of Transcription Factors MarA and Rob Drives DNA Recognition
  76. Dan Salah Tawfik (1955‐2021)—A giant of protein evolution
  77. Single Residue on the WPD-Loop Affects the pH Dependency of Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  78. Academic motherhood – what happens when you can't make it happen?
  79. A Single Residue on the WPD-Loop Affects the pH Dependency of Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  80. Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  81. Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  82. Journal Open Access and Plan S: Solving Problems or Shifting Burdens?
  83. The N-Terminal Helix-Turn-Helix Motif of Transcription Factors MarA and Rob Drives DNA Recognition
  84. A Single Residue on the WPD-Loop Affects the pH Dependency of Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  85. Heme-binding enables allosteric modulation in an ancient TIM-barrel glycosidase
  86. When we increase diversity in academia, we all win
  87. Ground-State Destabilization by Active-Site Hydrophobicity Controls the Selectivity of a Cofactor-Free Decarboxylase
  88. Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  89. Ground-State Destabilization by Active-Site Hydrophobicity Controls the Selectivity of a Cofactor- Free Decarboxylase
  90. The N-Terminal Helix-Turn-Helix Motif of Transcription Factors MarA and Rob Drives DNA Recognition
  91. Ground-State Destabilization by Active-Site Hydrophobicity Controls the Selectivity of a Cofactor- Free Decarboxylase
  92. Open Access, Plan S, and researchers’ needs
  93. Modeling the Role of a Flexible Loop and Active Site Side Chains in Hydride Transfer Catalyzed by Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase
  94. The Role of Substrate-Coenzyme Crosstalk in Determining Turnover Rates in Rhodococcus ruber Alcohol Dehydrogenase
  95. Managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Spread With Voluntary Public Health Measures: Sweden as a Case Study for Pandemic Control
  96. Female Faculty: Why So Few and Why Care?
  97. Modeling the Role of a Flexible Loop and Active Site Side Chains in Hydride Transfer Catalyzed by Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
  98. Harnessing Conformational Plasticity to Generate Designer Enzymes
  99. Ground-State Destabilization Controls the Selectivity of a Cofactor-Free Decarboxylase
  100. Ground-State Destabilization Controls the Selectivity of a Cofactor-Free Decarboxylase
  101. The N-Terminal Helix-Turn-Helix Motif of Transcription Factors MarA and Rob Drives DNA Recognition
  102. The N-Terminal Helix-Turn-Helix Motif of Transcription Factors MarA and Rob Drives DNA Recognition
  103. Modeling the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Diaryl Sulfate Diesters: A Mechanistic Study
  104. Intervention strategies against COVID-19 and their estimated impact on Swedish healthcare capacity
  105. Enhancing a De Novo Enzyme Activity by Computationally-Focused, Ultra-Low-Throughput Sequence Screening
  106. Manipulating Conformational Dynamics To Repurpose Ancient Proteins for Modern Catalytic Functions
  107. Recent Advances in Understanding Biological GTP Hydrolysis through Molecular Simulation
  108. Short and simple sequences favored the emergence of N-helix phospho-ligand binding sites in the first enzymes
  109. Modeling the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Diaryl Sulfate Diesters: A Mechanistic Study
  110. Modeling the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Diaryl Sulfate Diesters: A Mechanistic Study
  111. Enhancing a De Novo Enzyme Activity by Computationally-Focused, Ultra-Low-Throughput Sequence Screening
  112. Enhancing a de novo enzyme activity by computationally-focused ultra-low-throughput screening
  113. G-Protein coupled receptors: structure and function in drug discovery
  114. Errors in DFT integration grids and their potential impact on chemical shift calculations
  115. Enzyme Evolution: An Epistatic Ratchet versus a Smooth Reversible Transition
  116. The role of ligand-gated conformational changes in enzyme catalysis
  117. Higher-order epistasis shapes the fitness landscape of a xenobiotic-degrading enzyme
  118. Uncovering the Role of Key Active-Site Side Chains in Catalysis: An Extended Brønsted Relationship for Substrate Deprotonation Catalyzed by Wild-Type and Variants of Triosephosphate Isomerase
  119. Uncovering the Role of Key Active Site Side Chains in Catalysis: An Extended Brønsted Relationship for Substrate Deprotonation Catalysed by Wild-Type and Variants of Triosephosphate Isomerase
  120. Uncovering the Role of Key Active Site Side Chains in Catalysis: An Extended Brønsted Relationship for Substrate Deprotonation Catalysed by Wild-Type and Variants of Triosephosphate Isomerase
  121. GTP Hydrolysis Without an Active Site Base: A Unifying Mechanism for Ras and Related GTPases
  122. Chemical and Biochemical Approaches for the Synthesis of Substituted Dihydroxybutanones and Di- and Tri-Hydroxypentanones
  123. Relative Binding Energies Predict Crystallographic Binding Modes of Ethionamide Booster Lead Compounds
  124. Long Time-Scale Atomistic Simulations of the Structure and Dynamics of Transcription Factor-DNA Recognition
  125. Cryptic genetic variation shapes the adaptive evolutionary potential of enzymes
  126. Structural consequence of the most frequently recurring cancer-associated substitution in DNA polymerase ε
  127. Human Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: X-ray Crystal Structures That Guide the Interpretation of Mutagenesis Studies
  128. Higher-order epistatic networks underlie the evolutionary fitness landscape of a xenobiotic-degrading enzyme
  129. Long Time-Scale Atomistic Simulations of the Structure and Dynamics of Transcription Factor-DNA Recognition
  130. Loop Motion in Triosephosphate Isomerase Is Not a Simple Open and Shut Case
  131. Debate on academic freedom and open access is healthy
  132. In Silico-Directed Evolution Using CADEE
  133. The evolution of multiple active site configurations in a designed enzyme
  134. Enhancing the Steroid Sulfatase Activity of the Arylsulfatase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  135. Stereo- and Regioselectivity in Catalyzed Transformation of a 1,2-Disubstituted Vicinal Diol and the Corresponding Diketone by Wild Type and Laboratory Evolved Alcohol Dehydrogenases
  136. Evolutionary repurposing of a sulfatase: A new Michaelis complex leads to efficient transition state charge offset
  137. Conformational dynamics and enzyme evolution
  138. Publisher Correction: Evolution of chalcone isomerase from a noncatalytic ancestor
  139. Evolution of chalcone isomerase from a noncatalytic ancestor
  140. Amyloid-β Peptide Interactions with Amphiphilic Surfactants: Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Effects
  141. Empirical Valence Bond Simulations Suggest a Direct Hydride Transfer Mechanism for Human Diamine Oxidase
  142. Epoxide hydrolysis as a model system for understanding flux through a branched reaction scheme
  143. Role of Ligand-Driven Conformational Changes in Enzyme Catalysis: Modeling the Reactivity of the Catalytic Cage of Triosephosphate Isomerase
  144. Cooperativity and flexibility in enzyme evolution
  145. Challenges and advances in the computational modeling of biological phosphate hydrolysis
  146. Computer simulations of the catalytic mechanism of wild-type and mutant β-phosphoglucomutase
  147. Empirical Valence Bond Simulations of Organophosphate Hydrolysis: Theory and Practice
  148. Similar Active Sites and Mechanisms Do Not Lead to Cross-Promiscuity in Organophosphate Hydrolysis: Implications for Biotherapeutic Engineering
  149. Extending the Nonbonded Cationic Dummy Model to Account for Ion-Induced Dipole Interactions
  150. Shuffling Active Site Substate Populations Affects Catalytic Activity: The Case of Glucose Oxidase
  151. Micelle Maker: An Online Tool for Generating Equilibrated Micelles as Direct Input for Molecular Dynamics Simulations
  152. DNA Polymerase λ Active Site Favors a Mutagenic Mispair between the Enol Form of Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate Substrate and the Keto Form of Thymidine Template: A Free Energy Perturbation Study
  153. Enzyme Architecture: Modeling the Operation of a Hydrophobic Clamp in Catalysis by Triosephosphate Isomerase
  154. De novo active sites for resurrected Precambrian enzymes
  155. Capturing the Role of Explicit Solvent in the Dimerization of RuV(bda) Water Oxidation Catalysts
  156. Active Site Hydrophobicity and the Convergent Evolution of Paraoxonase Activity in Structurally Divergent Enzymes: The Case of Serum Paraoxonase 1
  157. CADEE : Computer-Aided Directed Evolution of Enzymes
  158. Simulating the reactions of substituted pyridinio-N-phosphonates with pyridine as a model for biological phosphoryl transfer
  159. Characterization of Mn(II) ion binding to the amyloid-β peptide in Alzheimer⿿s disease
  160. Probing the mechanisms for the selectivity and promiscuity of methyl parathion hydrolase
  161. The Competing Mechanisms of Phosphate Monoester Dianion Hydrolysis
  162. Laboratory‐Evolved Enzymes Provide Snapshots of the Development of Enantioconvergence in Enzyme‐Catalyzed Epoxide Hydrolysis
  163. Where are the female science professors? A personal perspective
  164. Where are the female science professors? A personal perspective
  165. Promiscuity in the Enzymatic Catalysis of Phosphate and Sulfate Transfer
  166. Laboratory evolved variant R-C1B1 of potato epoxide hydrolase StEH1
  167. Laboratory evolved variant R-C1B1D33E6 of potato epoxide hydrolase StEH1
  168. Laboratory evolved variant R-C1B1D33 of potato epoxide hydrolase StEH1
  169. Promiscuity and electrostatic flexibility in the alkaline phosphatase superfamily
  170. Conserved Motifs in Different Classes of GTPases Dictate their Specific Modes of Catalysis
  171. Linking coupled motions and entropic effects to the catalytic activity of 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA)
  172. Conformational diversity and enantioconvergence in potato epoxide hydrolase 1
  173. Exceptionally large entropy contributions enable the high rates of GTP hydrolysis on the ribosome
  174. structure of an H300N mutant of potato epoxide hydrolase, StEH1
  175. Modeling the mechanisms of biological GTP hydrolysis
  176. Expanding the Catalytic Triad in Epoxide Hydrolases and Related Enzymes
  177. Cooperative Electrostatic Interactions Drive Functional Evolution in the Alkaline Phosphatase Superfamily
  178. Development and Application of a Nonbonded Cu2+ Model That Includes the Jahn–Teller Effect
  179. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Comparative laboratory evolution of ordered and disordered enzymes.
  180. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Site-specific protonation kinetics of acidic side chains in proteins determined by pH-dependent carboxyl (13)C NMR relaxation.
  181. Theoretical modelling of epigenetically modified DNA sequences
  182. Recent advances in QM/MM free energy calculations using reference potentials
  183. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure of the key species in the enzymatic oxidation of methane to methanol.
  184. Catalytic Stimulation by Restrained Active-Site Floppiness—The Case of High Density Lipoprotein-Bound Serum Paraoxonase-1
  185. Theoretical modelling of epigenetically modified DNA sequences
  186. Resolving Apparent Conflicts between Theoretical and Experimental Models of Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis
  187. The Conformation of a Catalytic Loop Is Central to GTPase Activity on the Ribosome
  188. How valence bond theory can help you understand your (bio)chemical reaction
  189. Understanding thio-effects in simple phosphoryl systems: role of solvent effects and nucleophile charge
  190. Faculty Opinions recommendation of New reactions and products resulting from alternative interactions between the P450 enzyme and redox partners.
  191. Understanding the structural and dynamic consequences of DNA epigenetic modifications: Computational insights into cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation
  192. Empirical valence bond simulations of the hydride transfer step in the monoamine oxidase B catalyzed metabolism of dopamine
  193. Faculty Opinions recommendation of A new family of iron-dependent halogenases acts on freestanding substrates.
  194. Challenges in computational studies of enzyme structure, function and dynamics
  195. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Direct evidence for a covalent ene adduct intermediate in NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes.
  196. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Physics-based method to validate and repair flaws in protein structures.
  197. Editorial overview: Mechanisms: Chemical and computational probes of biological mechanism
  198. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Membrane-integral pyrophosphatase subfamily capable of translocating both Na+ and H+.
  199. Faculty Opinions recommendation of DNA-mediated signaling by proteins with 4Fe-4S clusters is necessary for genomic integrity.
  200. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Connectivity between catalytic landscapes of the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily.
  201. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Enzyme architecture: deconstruction of the enzyme-activating phosphodianion interactions of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase.
  202. Force Field Independent Metal Parameters Using a Nonbonded Dummy Model
  203. The Alkaline Hydrolysis of Sulfonate Esters: Challenges in Interpreting Experimental and Theoretical Data
  204. Concerted or Stepwise: How Much Do Free-Energy Landscapes Tell Us about the Mechanisms of Elimination Reactions?
  205. Energetics of activation of GTP hydrolysis on the ribosome
  206. Cellular Polyamines Promote Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Peptide Fibrillation and Modulate the Aggregation Pathways
  207. Why nature really chose phosphate
  208. Modeling catalytic promiscuity in the alkaline phosphatase superfamily
  209. Prechemistry barriers and checkpoints do not contribute to fidelity and catalysis as long as they are not rate limiting
  210. Computational Study of the p K a Values of Potential Catalytic Residues in the Active Site of Monoamine Oxidase B
  211. Computational Protein Engineering: Bridging the Gap between Rational Design and Laboratory Evolution
  212. Base-Catalyzed Dehydration of 3-Substituted Benzene cis -1,2-Dihydrodiols: Stabilization of a Cyclohexadienide Anion Intermediate by Negative Aromatic Hyperconjugation
  213. Catalytic promiscuity inPseudomonas aeruginosaarylsulfatase as an example of chemistry-driven protein evolution
  214. Examining the promiscuous phosphatase activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase: A comparison to analogous phosphatases
  215. Theoretical Comparison of p -Nitrophenyl Phosphate and Sulfate Hydrolysis in Aqueous Solution: Implications for Enzyme-Catalyzed Sulfuryl Transfer
  216. Catalysis by dihydrofolate reductase and other enzymes arises from electrostatic preorganization, not conformational motions
  217. Paradynamics: An Effective and Reliable Model for Ab Initio QM/MM Free-Energy Calculations and Related Tasks
  218. Coarse-Grained (Multiscale) Simulations in Studies of Biophysical and Chemical Systems
  219. Multiscale modeling of biological functions
  220. The effect of leaving group on mechanistic preference in phosphate monoester hydrolysis
  221. The empirical valence bond model: theory and applications
  222. On Catalytic Preorganization in Oxyanion Holes: Highlighting the Problems with the Gas-Phase Modeling of Oxyanion Holes and Illustrating the Need for Complete Enzyme Models
  223. Examining the case for the effect of barrier compression on tunneling, vibrationally enhanced catalysis, catalytic entropy and related issues
  224. Reply to Karplus: Conformational dynamics have no role in the chemical step
  225. Ketosteroid isomerase provides further support for the idea that enzymes work by electrostatic preorganization
  226. An analysis of all the relevant facts and arguments indicates that enzyme catalysis does not involve large contributions from nuclear tunneling
  227. Phosphate ester analogues as probes for understanding enzyme catalysed phosphoryl transfer
  228. The EVB as a quantitative tool for formulating simulations and analyzing biological and chemical reactions
  229. On the Energetics of ATP Hydrolysis in Solution
  230. At the dawn of the 21st century: Is dynamics the missing link for understanding enzyme catalysis?
  231. Enzyme millisecond conformational dynamics do not catalyze the chemical step
  232. Correction to A Computational Study of the Hydrolysis of dGTP Analogues with Halomethylene-Modified Leaving Groups in Solution: Implications for the Mechanism of DNA Polymerases
  233. On Unjustifiably Misrepresenting the EVB Approach While Simultaneously Adopting It
  234. A Computational Study of the Hydrolysis of dGTP Analogues with Halomethylene-Modified Leaving Groups in Solution: Implications for the Mechanism of DNA Polymerases
  235. Are Mixed Explicit/Implicit Solvation Models Reliable for Studying Phosphate Hydrolysis? A Comparative Study of Continuum, Explicit and Mixed Solvation Models
  236. Progress in Ab Initio QM/MM Free-Energy Simulations of Electrostatic Energies in Proteins: Accelerated QM/MM Studies of p K a , Redox Reactions and Solvation Free Energies †
  237. Dineopentyl Phosphate Hydrolysis: Evidence for Stepwise Water Attack
  238. Associative Versus Dissociative Mechanisms of Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis: On the Interpretation of Activation Entropies
  239. On the Interpretation of the Observed Linear Free Energy Relationship in Phosphate Hydrolysis: A Thorough Computational Study of Phosphate Diester Hydrolysis in Solution †
  240. A molecular dynamics study of WPD-loop flexibility in PTP1B
  241. The role of metal ions in phosphate ester hydrolysis
  242. A targeted molecular dynamics study of WPD loop movement in PTP1B