The 5' UTR of HCV and BVDV block XRN1 and mRNAs are stabilized in infected cells

What is it about?

We found a new function of elements in the 5' UTRs of BVDV and HCV: roadblocks to the major 5'-3' exoribonuclease in the cell called XRN1. We observed major increases in the stability of mRNAs in infected cells that would be expected if XRN1 activity was diminished. This paper identifies a unique way a set of viruses could contribute to disease in the cell by interfering with mRNA decay pathways.

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Why is it important?

This study is important because it identifies a conserved mechanism that many (if not all) viruses in the Flaviviridae family (including Hepatitis C virus, Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus, Dengue viruses, and West Nile virus) may use to interfere with host cell processes to promote disease.