What is it about?

Young men are increasingly linked to violent extremist acts in the U.S., but experts and media personalities disagree on why. Some believe these men feel entitled and lash out when they lose power or status. Others think they are struggling with social isolation and rapid changes in society. This paper brings these two views together and suggests that frustration and loneliness may both play a role. It argues that helping men build social connections and find purpose could reduce the risk of violence.

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Why is it important?

This paper brings together two previously conflicting views on why some young men are drawn into violent extremism: one that sees them as entitled aggressors, and another that sees them as isolated victims of social change. By integrating these perspectives, the paper offers a new framework to understand how frustration and loneliness can combine to fuel extremist behavior. This integrative approach is timely, given the rise in domestic violent extremism in the U.S., and may help shape more effective prevention strategies that focus on social connection and purpose.

Perspectives

This is the most controversial paper we have ever written or been a part of. There is an natural tension when discussing issues around men and violence and we knew it would be divisive. The rise of violence, however, meant that it was an issue we couldn't ignore and took a deep breath before jumping in. It's tempting to vilify men, given that violence is most often committed by them. At the same time, it can be tempting to simplify the problem as entirely contextual and blame aspects of society. The reality is complex and we tried to embrace that complexity in addressing a problem we felt we couldn't turn away from. Even if it meant taking on a divisive topic.

Regents-Foundation Professor of Industrial and Organizational Psychology Sam Hunter
University of Nebraska System

Read the Original

This page is a summary of: Reconciling Jekyll and Hyde: The future of masculinity research within the domestic violent extremism context., American Psychologist, March 2025, American Psychological Association (APA),
DOI: 10.1037/amp0001525.
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