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Showing top 100 of over 10,000 Stories

  1. Agronomy - Climate Change and Food Security

    Dr. Amanullah is a distinguished academician and researcher currently holding the position of Professor in the Department of Agronomy at the Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. With a remarkable academic journey spanning several decades, Dr. Amanullah's contributions have left an indelible mark on the fields of agronomy, sustainable agriculture, and environmental stewardship. His scholarly achievements are exemplified by his extensive body of work, including the publication and editing of over 25 books and reports. His research prowess is further evident through the publication of more than 300 research papers and chapters in peer-reviewed journals, with over 130 of them featured in high-impact factor journals. He has an exceptional record of publications in both national and international journals, with over 5000 citations to his name on Google Scholar. His research has covered a wide range of topics, including crop productivity, nutrient management, water use efficiency, and climate change adaptation. Dr. Amanullah's global influence extends to his collaboration with renowned institutions such as the UN-FAO as ITPS-Pakistan (Global Soil Partnership) for three years (2025-2018), where he co-authored influential publications. Notably, his contributions to books like "Soil and Pulses: Symbiosis for Life," "Unlocking the Potential of Soil Organic Carbon," and "Soil Pollution: a hidden reality" have garnered international recognition for their insights into pressing environmental challenges. His involvement in significant international initiatives includes being a co-author of the assessment report for The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) on Land Degradation and Restoration. He has also played a vital role as a review editor for The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL), which is pivotal for shaping sustainable land management practices. Prof. Dr. Amanullah's work has transcended national boundaries, and he has had the opportunity to present his research and participate in conferences, workshops, and training programs in various countries, including the USA, Italy, Iran, Rwanda, Thailand, Ireland, and Colombia. Dr. Amanullah's dedication to fostering knowledge exchange is evident through his role as an editor for prominent platforms like Intech Open, MDPI-Agriculture, Scintific Reports, PeerJ & Frontiers in Plant Science. He has helmed publications like: Rice - Technology and Production; Corn - Production and Human Health in Changing Climate; Nitrogen in Agriculture-Updates, and Agronomy - Climate Change & Food Security, etc. emphasizing the intersection of agronomy with critical global issues. In addition to his extensive body of work, Dr. Amanullah has also made significant contributions as a guest editor for special issues in reputable journals. He successfully led the special issue titled "Fertilizer Use, Soil Health and Agricultural Sustainability" in the journal Agriculture MDPI, based in Basel, Switzerland, in 2021. Another notable achievement includes his role as the guest editor for the special issue "Integrated Nutrients Management: An Approach for Sustainable Crop Production and Food Security in Changing Climates" in the journal Frontiers in Plant Sciences, located in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2023. His outstanding contributions have not gone unnoticed, as he has been honored with three Research Productivity Awards by the Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST). His involvement in international soil science governance is evident through his representation of Pakistan in the FAO Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) under the Global Soil Partnership. Dr. Amanullah's diverse research interests encapsulate a wide array of agricultural and environmental themes. From crop physiology and growth analysis to biodiversity, climate change, food security, and sustainable soil and water management, his work touches upon various facets of sustainable agriculture. His commitment to sharing knowledge and advancing the field is evident in his contributions to farmer training and his relentless pursuit of holistic solutions for a more sustainable future. In summary, Dr. Amanullah's illustrious career showcases a tireless commitment to advancing the frontiers of agronomy and sustainable agriculture. His contributions resonate globally, and his multidisciplinary approach continues to inspire students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

  2. Qadriya Sufis: Restoration of Peace in Kashmir Society

    Qadriya Sufis have left a deep and remarkable impression on the society of Kashmir.Immediately after their arrival in valley they engaged themselves for the betterment of people irrespective of religion. They influenced people through their morals,pure thoughts,kindness and humanistic approach.People of Silsila were men of intellect,creative mind as, adminstrators as well as scholars,medical practitioners, artisans,economists etc.The earned groups called land tillers and artisan were influenced by them. Learning has been defined by them as the highest attainment of humanity, a way leading to right conduct and cultivation of virtue. On the whole Qadriya Sufis succeeded in bringing marvellous change in the thought and life of all people whether people of faith or others. In general they made people to understand the relation between God and man. Concept of humanism developed in the valley of Kashmir.Their teachings and writings proved to be a great source of inspiration not only to rulers but also to the subsequent generations.They were having no lust for power and have not indulged in the state politics. Even at present their growing influence is visible in Kashmiri society. Dr. Syed Damsaz Ali Andrabi "Qadriya Sufis: Restoration of Peace in Kashmir Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2280.pdf

  3. Liquid Microbial Biofertilizers LMF for enhancing soil fertility – A Review

    The nutrients of biological origin added to the soil to enrich the soil fertility are called biofertilizers. Biofertilizers is a substance contains living microorganisms which promote the adequate supply of nutrients to the host plants and ensure their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Biofertilizer reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. They never cause pollution in air, water and land. Indiscriminate synthetic fertilizer usage has polluted the soil, water basins, destroyed micro organisms and eco friendly insects, made the crop more susceptible to diseases and depleted soil fertility at the primary levels as of today's scenario is to overcome these problems which is the main reason for this review. On this basis, Microorganisms have been emerged as the potential alternative for the productivity, reliability and sustainability of the global food chain. These review focuses on liquid biofertilizer technology providing reliable reason for their necessity, specificity and emphasizes the use of agriculturally important microorganisms in different combinations i.e., Liquid Microbial Consortium LMC is the only solution for restoration of soil health. Biofertilizers supply plant nutrients NPK nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It can be produced by using renewable wastes. Tamilkodi. R | Victoria. J "Liquid Microbial Biofertilizers (LMF) for enhancing soil fertility A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5750.pdf

  4. Diagnosis and Planning of Impacts of Land - Cover Changes on the Runoff

    Caspian basin is one of the main six basins of country which is influenced by Caspian region in the north of Iran. Because of the growth of human activities and following the changes in land using over the past years, land-cover was changed greatly in this area. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of land - cover changes on the surface of runoff and the Quality of water resources in the years of 2001-2012, in the Caspian basin. MODIS of terra satellite images have been used to do this action in these years of 2001-2012. The results showed that impenetrable surfaces that influence the Production of surface runoff have covered 32.25 percentage of the whole of Caspian basin in 2001. And the level of impenetrable surfaces have decreased to 1.39 percentage by reducing 1.86 percentage. Also, in 2002, the surfaces that changed the quality of water, composed 14.54 percentage of the whole of basin land-cover reached to 17.78 percentage by 3.24 growth until 2012. In order to have a constant profit from water resources and to decrease land-cover impacts on water resources in this basin, providing the management plan of land-cover which includes pre-programmed, planning, implementation, monitoring, and compliance steps which are related to water resources is necessary.

  5. Alternative titles: “Mental agreement”; “Parallel agreement”; “Agreement is not really grammatical”

    Consider a Latin expression such as “terra incognita” – unknown land. Both linguists and lay people often think that the word “incognita” is feminine BECAUSE it agrees in gender with another word – “terra”. But what about an expression such as “e pluribus unum” – one out of many? Why is “unum” a neuter form? Does it agree with anything? Furthermore, what controls the first person singular agreement in the verbs of “veni, vidi, vici” – I came, I saw, I conquered? This paper attempts a novel and general look at agreement phenomena.

  6. Relationship between MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) and LST lapse rate, LST aspect, LST slope

    Land Surface Temperature (LST) is considered important in monitoring the energy flux between the land surface and atmosphere. Due to the diversity of topography in Iran and its effect on the climate diversity, we decided to study the effect of topography on the LST variations. To this end, the LST digital data derived from the observations of the MODIS Terra and Aqua were used. The results indicated that, during the daytime, from sea level up to a height of 400 meters, the LST increased, and then the temperature decreased with increasing altitude, and up to a height of 3000 meters, there was a strong correlation between the two. LST lapse rate was more during the daytime compared with that of the night time and it was more during the winter compared with the summer. LST lapse rate showed larger variability in diurnal cycle, but its monthly patterns were similar in different aspects. The aspect had substantial effect on LST inversion elevation. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between LST and slope was strong in slopes up to 20°.

  7. Electric and Hydraulic Anisotropy in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs - HILMI S. SALEM

    ABSTRACT: Anisotropy means variation in physical properties in different directions in a medium, such as variation in hydraulic, electric and heat flow, and seismic wave propagation. This study attempts to numerically determine the electric and hydraulic anisotropies produced contrasts in electric and hydraulic conductivities when electric and hydraulic currents flow along and perpendicular to the bedding planes. This study was carried out for reservoirs in fourteen Hibernia and Terra Nova wells in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin (JDB), offshore Newfoundland, Canada. Resistivity data obtained from log measurements and permeability data obtained numerically, were employed to determine the electric and hydraulic anisotropies for the Hibernia and Terra Nova oil fields. Determination of electric anisotropy coefficients (between 1.0 and 1.7) and hydraulic anisotropy coefficients (between 1.0 and 6.2) indicates that permeability shows more contrast in the horizontal and vertical directions than resistivity. Tortuosity, electrolyte salinity, water-hydrocarbon saturation, orientation of minerals, laminations and layering, lithology contrast and shale content, stress history (structural elements), diagenesis, cross-bedding, and temperature and pressure are principal factors responsible for electric and hydraulic anisotropies. FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S., 1994. The electric and hydraulic anisotropic behavior of the Jeanne d'Arc Basin reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 12(1): 49–66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223484011_The_electric_and_hydraulic_anisotropic_behavior_of_the_Jeanne_d%27Arc_basin_reservoirs.

  8. Call for Chapters: “Advancing the Circular Economy for a Sustainable Future"

    Editor: Mark Anthony Camilleri, Ph.D. (Edinburgh) Full chapters due: 31st December 2020 The Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987) defined sustainable development as; “development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (p. 43). Its underlying assumption is that the world's physical resources are not finite; therefore, they have to be managed responsibly to sustain future generations (Camilleri, 2018a; Camilleri, 2014). Subsequently, the United Nations (UN) Conference on Environment and Development has put forward Agenda 21 that dedicated a chapter that was focused on unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. This document recommended that the UN's member states ought to intensify their efforts to reduce the use of scarce resources during production processes, whilst minimising the environmental impacts from the generation of waste and pollution (Camilleri, 2018a; Camilleri, 2014; Agenda 21, 1992). In 2002, the UN Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development also made reference to unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. The UN's member states were urged to manage their natural resources in a sustainable manner and with lower negative environmental impacts; by promoting the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, whilst reducing waste (WSSD, 2002, p. 13). Moreover, in another resolution, entitled; “The future we want,” the General Assembly at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development has reaffirmed its commitment to implementing green economy policies in the context of sustainable development. The heads of state and government or their representatives have agreed to continue promoting the integrated and sustainable management of ecosystems, whilst facilitating their conservation, regeneration, and restoration of resources (UNCSD, 2012). Furthermore, during the UN's General Assembly Resolution of September 25 2015 entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” the world leaders have agreed to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals that replaced the previous millennium development goals that were established in the year 2000. Specifically, the Sustainable Development Goal 12 of the 2030 agenda, namely, “Sustainable Consumption and Production” explained that there is an opportunity for business and industry to reap economic gains through resource and energy efficiencies. It also raised awareness on the use of sustainable infrastructures and urged the UN member states to address air, water, and soil pollution to minimise their environmental impact (UNDP, 2015). Moreover, the Paris Climate Agreement (COP 21) and Resolutions 1/5 and 2/7 on chemicals and waste, and 2/8 on sustainable production and consumption, as adopted by the first and second sessions of the United Nations Environment Assembly (that was held in Nairobi, Kenya, on the June 27, 2014 and the May 27, 2016), are also considered as important policy instruments for many stakeholders, as they have paved the way for the transition towards the CE strategy. These intergovernmental policy recommendations on sustainable consumption and production have led to increased regulatory pressures on business and industry towards controlled operations management and environmentally responsible practices. Relevant theoretical underpinnings reported that the circular economy reduces the reliance on resource extraction and raw materials (Camilleri, 2018b; Camilleri, 2017; Cooper, 1999). Therefore, it restores any damage in resource acquisition by ensuring that little waste is generated throughout the production process and during the products' life. Liu, Li, Zuo, Zhang, and Wang (2009) explained that the circular economy aims at minimising the generation of waste, as it involves environmental conservation. Similarly, Su, Heshmati, Geng, and Yu (2013) contended that the circular economy strategy involves efficiency‐oriented control systems at all stages of production, distribution, and consumption of materials. They made reference to energy efficiency and water conservation, land management, and soil protection, among other issues. Hence, the circular economy model can lead to resource and energy efficiencies as well as economic development. This special issue will include but is not limited to the following topics: Alternative consumption patterns; Assessment and Reporting; Biomass; Clean production; Circular economy; Circular economy business models; Circular economy product designs; Climate change; Climate change policy and adaptation; Closed loop systems; Corporate social responsibility; Corporate sustainability, Eco-efficiency; Eco-industrial parks; Ecological management and natural capital; Education for sustainability; Emissions reduction; Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy use and consumption; Environmental assessment; Environmental behavior; Environmental economics; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental protection; Environmental sustainability; Extended producer responsibility; Footprints and other assessment types; Green/sustainable engineering; Green/sustainable supply chains; Industrial, agricultural and supply chains; Industrial ecology; Life cycle assessment; Pollution reduction; Product-service systems; Recycling Resources; Regional sustainability; Renewable energy; Renewable resource; Resource and energy use; Resource Efficiency; Sustainable consumption; Sustainable production; Sustainable tourism; Urban and regional sustainability; Water conservation; Waste management; Waste minimization. Submission Procedure Academics and researchers are invited to submit a 300-word abstract before the 30th June 2020. Submissions should be sent to Mark.A.Camilleri@um.edu.mt. Authors will be notified about the editorial decision during July 2020. The accepted chapters should be submitted before the 31st December 2020. The length of the chapters should be around 7,000 words (including references, figures and tables). The references should be presented in APA style (Version 6). All submitted chapters will be critically reviewed on a double-blind review basis. All authors will be requested to serve as reviewers for this book. They will receive a notification of acceptance, rejection or suggested modifications –before the 25th February 2021. Note: There are no submission or acceptance fees for the publication of the book chapters. All abstracts / proposals should be submitted via the editor’s email. Editor Prof. Dr. Mark Anthony Camilleri (Ph.D. Edinburgh) Department of Corporate Communication, Faculty of Media and Knowledge Sciences, University of Malta, MALTA. Email: mark.a.camilleri@um.edu.mt Publisher Following the double-blind peer review process, the full chapters will be submitted to Emerald for final review. For additional information regarding the publisher, please visit https://www.emerald.com/insight/. This prospective publication will be released in 2021. References Agenda 21.1992. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development. Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992. United Nations Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf. Camilleri, M. (2014). Advancing the sustainable tourism agenda through strategic CSR perspectives. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(1), 42-56. Camilleri, M. A. (2017). Closing the Loop of the Circular Economy for Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility. In Corporate Sustainability, Social Responsibility and Environmental Management (pp. 175-190). Springer, Cham. Camilleri, M. A. (2018a). The circular economy's closed loop and product service systems for sustainable development: A review and appraisal. Sustainable Development, 27(3), 530-536. Camilleri, M. A. (2018b). Closing the loop for resource efficiency, sustainable consumption and production: A critical review of the circular economy. International Journal of Sustainable Development.21(1-4), 1-17. Cooper, T. (1999). Creating an economic infrastructure for sustainable product design. Journal of Sustainable Product Design, 8, 7– 17. Liu, Q., Li, H. M., Zuo, X. L., Zhang, F. F., & Wang, L. (2009). A survey and analysis on public awareness and performance for promoting circular economy in China: A case study from Tianjin. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 265– 270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.06.003 Su, B., Heshmati, A., Geng, Y., & Yu, X. (2013). A review of the circular economy in China: Moving from rhetoric to implementation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 215– 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.020 UNCSD (2012). Future we want—Outcome document. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 July 2012. United Nations General Assembly. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/66/288&Lang=E. UNDP (2015). Transforming our world. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015 http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf. WCED (1987). Our common future. In World commission on environment and development. Oxford, U.K: Oxford University press. WSSD (2002). United Nations report of the world summit on sustainable development. Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August‐ 4 September 2002. http://www.un‐documents.net/aconf199‐20.pdf.

  9. Cost effective restoration of watersheds in dry forest areas

    Forest restoration is important to mitigate the effects of climate change. Lately, there is a growing need to expand this restoration to watersheds, i.e., areas that drain water into large water bodies. Its benefits include groundwater recharge and reduction of wildfires. But there is limited funding to achieve this, due to incomplete cost analyses of fixing watersheds. Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a watershed in Hawai’i is home to some of the largest native dry forests. Sadly, this area is getting destroyed due to climate change induced wildfires, deforestation, and excess grazing by livestock. The authors of this study worked with the Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a restoration managers to understand the benefits of their long term restoration plans. They measured the costs of achieving two goals—recharging groundwater and reducing the land's chances of catching fire. They found that restoring the entire watershed area is ideal to lower the risk of potential wildfires. This is because climate change has increased the chances of fires occurring in the area. Moreover, it has also decreased groundwater recharge by 50%. However, the type and location of restoration strongly affects its cost efficacy. The cost of reducing land flammability is greater at lower land levels than at higher levels. This is because of a lot of fountain grass growing in lower level areas. But the cost of recharging groundwater is lower at high level land, due to the ease of capturing rainwater.

  10. Determining the Frequency of Dry Lake Bed Formation in Semi-Arid Mongolia From Satellite Data

    In the Mongolian Plateau, the desert steppe, mountains, and dry lake bed surfaces may affect the process of dust storm emissions. Among these three surface types, dry lake beds are considered to contribute a substantial amount of global dust emissions and to be responsible for “hot spots” of dust outbreaks. The land cover types in the study area were broadly divided into three types, namely desert steppe, mountains, and dry lake beds, by a classification based on Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) calculated from MODIS Terra satellite images, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). This dry lake beds extracting method using remote sensing offers a new technique for identifying dust hot spots and potential untapped groundwater in the dry lands of the Gobi region. In the study area, frequencies of dry lake bed formation were calculated during the period of 2001 to 2014. The potential dry lake area corresponded well with the length of the river network based on hydrogeological characterization (R2 = 0.77, p < 0.001). We suggest that the threshold between dry lake bed areas and the formation of ephemeral lakes in semi-arid regions is eight days of total precipitation.

  11. Multiple methods confirm wetland restoration improves ecosystem services

    METHODS: In this paper, we combine participatory mapping and surveys, field measurements and high-resolution models to track ecosystem services from restored wetlands on private land. We ask: 1) What ecosystem services do people perceive from restored wetlands? 2) What ecosystem services were enhanced through restoration? and 3) How do field-measured, modelled and perceived ecosystem services in restored wetlands interact? Participating landholders mapped their restoration project and shared their perceptions of ecosystem services. Next, we modelled ecosystem service changes using the Land Use Capability Indicator (LUCI) model and contrasted these to field-measured ecosystem services for each wetland. RESULTS: Landholders perceived ~6.5 services from their restored wetlands. For modelled services, restoration significantly enhanced nitrogen and phosphorous retention. For field-measured services, restoration increased soil organic carbon by ~20%, soil permeability to water by ~27% and native plant species richness by ~15 species, while reducing plant-available phosphorous by ~23%. Correlating across methods revealed that reduced plant-available phosphorus and site age and size were associated with more perceived services, whereas an increase in plant species richness was not a good proxy for gains in measured, modelled or perceived services. CONCLUSION: Based on the diverse ecosystem services gained, demonstrated by multiple methods, we contend that private wetland restoration can be successful as well as leveraged to meet multiple management and policy objectives

  12. The Cementation Factor of the Archie's Equation - HILMI S. SALEM

    ABSTRACT: The cementation factor, m, of Archie's equation has specific effects on electric conduction processes in porous media. It depends on the shape, type, and size of grains; the shape and size of pores and pore throats; and the size and number of dead-end pores. The dependence of m on the degree of cementation is not as strong as its dependence on the shape of grains and pores. Therefore, it is suggested that it is more accurate to call m “shape factor” instead of “cementation factor”. In this study, m was derived from well-log data for the Hibernia and Terra Nova reservoirs in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin, offshore of the eastern Canadian coast. Empirical equations, linking m, tortuosity, pore-water resistivity, and electric and hydraulic anisotropy coefficients, were obtained. The cementation factor (shape factor) is not a constant, but is a variable depending on many physical parameters and lithological attributes of porous media. An average value of 2.28 was obtained for m, which can be used for similar reservoirs. FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. and Chilingarian, G.V. 1999. The cementation factor of Archie’s equation for shaly sandstone reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 23(2-August): 83–93. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0920410599000091 and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223250823_The_Cementation_Factor_of_Archie's_Equation_for_Shaly_Sandstone_Reservoirs

  13. Determination of Specific Surface Area and Mean Grain Size of Reservoir Sediments - HILMI S. SALEM

    ABSTRACT: Specific surface area (ss) is one of the most important and effective geometrical parameters in defining and interpreting petrophysical relationships, textural framework, and fluid–solid interactions in porous media. It is defined as the interstitial surface area of the pores and pore channels for each unit of bulk volume, grain volume, or pore volume, or for a unit of weight of a material. Variations in the specific surface area (ss) and mean grain size (Gs) influence the physical parameters controlling electric current and hydraulic flow, as well as acoustic and seismic wave propagation and attenuation. In this study, the specific surface area per unit of pore volume (sp) and the mean grain size (Gs) were numerically determined from well-log data for 14 wells penetrating the Hibernia and Terra Nova reservoirs of the Jeanne d'Arc Basin (JDB), offshore Newfoundland, Canada. Both parameters (sp and Gs) were derived using the formation resistivity factor, porosity, and permeability. Mathematical and physical concepts of ss (including sp) and Gs were analyzed, and empirical equations linking sp and Gs with various petrophysical parameters were obtained. The lithological components (shale, sandstone, silt, limestone, and marl) were also obtained. The rocks in both reservoirs are generally characterized by fine- to medium grain size and high values of sp. FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S., and Gilingarian, G.V. (1999). Determination of specific surface area and mean grain size from well-log data and their influence on the physical behavior of offshore reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 22(4):241-252. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238366588_Determination_of_Specific_Surface_Area_and_Mean_Grain_Size_from_Well-Log_Data_and_Their_Influence_on_the_Physical_Behavior_of_Offshore_Reservoirs

  14. Development and application of Liquid Chromatographic method for determination of Caspofungin Acetate in sterile, lyophilized powder for Injection

    Caspofungin is an antifungal agent of the novel echinocandin class. Caspofungin, the first inhibitor of fungal b 1,3 glucan synthesis to receive approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, is effective for the treatment of mucosal and invasive candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis. It is also active in vitro and in animal models against a number of other filamentous and dimorphic endemic fungi and in animal models of Pneumocystis carinii infection. Caspofungin is a water soluble amphipathic lipopeptide is a semisynthetic derivative of pneumocandin B0, a fermentation product of Glarea lozoyensis. Developing a accurate and precise alytical method for the estimation of cagpsofungin in a sterile, lyophilized product for intravenous IV infusion a is very challenging, due to the formation of drug drug and drug excipient interactions. The present study demonstrates the applicability of chromatographic method to develop a new, sensitive, single HPLC method for the quantitative determination of antifungal agents in freeze dried powder for injection pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation active pharmaceutical ingredient was achieved by using a isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min on X Terra RP 18 column 250mm×4.6 mm, 5µ-m particle size, 100Ã… pore size at ambient temperature. The contents of the mobile phase were 3.48 gms of Di Potassium hydrogen ortho phosphate 0.03M in 1000 ml of water and by adjusting the pH to 3.2 with dilute ortho phosphoric acid mobile phase solvent A and acetonitrile mobile phase solvent B in a isocratic mode in the ratio of 30 70 v v of separation was used to resolute the Caspofungin. UV detection at 278 nm was employed to monitor the analytes. A linear response was observed for caspofungin over the concentration range 0.56 µ-g mL. Limit of detection LOD and Limit of quantification LOQ for Capsofungin were found to be 0.001µ-g mL, and 0.003µ-g mL respectively. Dr. L. Satyanarayana | Dr. Sumalatha Reddi "Development and application of Liquid Chromatographic method for determination of Caspofungin Acetate in sterile, lyophilized powder for Injection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10927.pdf

  15. Quantification of the Land Potential for Scaling Agroforestry in South Asia

    Trees are an integral part of the sustainable farming practices that can withstand extreme weather events, pest risks, and optimize land and water productivity to achieve food, fuel, fodder and nutritional security while safeguarding the environmental flows. This study was undertaken to analyze the landscape potential for the South Asian region in the geospatial domain utilizing the FAO’s land suitability criteria. The key datasets were derived from satellite remote sensing at a global and regional scale for land, soil, climate, and topography and were used to model the agroforestry suitability across South Asia. Furthermore, the agroforestry suitability categories and tree cover dominance were investigated with respect to the total geographical area, agriculture land cover and with climate variables to understand the present and future trends. The comprehensive analysis revealed that 69% of the total geographical area retains 55% and greater suitability for agroforestry. The analysis revealed that nearly 73.4% of the landscape is absent (0%) of tree cover, 7.1%, shows 1–10% and 19.5% area having more than 10% tree cover. The tree dominance/hotspot analyses in the agriculture land were found notably high in the multiple farming components such as home gardens. The single crop of irrigated and rain-fed croplands showed high land suitability towards agroforestry. Such land can be utilized to enhance the tree cover that suits locally as per the farmer's need based on a community-driven participatory approach to bring the sustainability and resilience in degraded landscapes (FAO in Agroforestry for landscape restoration, 2017). The future climate data analysis showed a significant change in the distribution of temperature and precipitation that will influence future farming practices in South Asia. The agroforestry suitability and tree cover mapping results/analysis will assist crucially the agroforestry policymakers/planners in the various South Asian countries to implement and extend it to the new area. The analysis clearly shows that the advent of big data, remote sensing and GIS provide insights into the agroforestry interventions and scaling which further helps in building resilient landscapes for sustainable agri-food systems, livelihoods, safeguarding the environmental security and supporting some of the important sustainable development goals (SDGs).

  16. River channel migration is critical for persistence of diverse floodplain plant assemblages.

    Floodplain forests provide valuable ecosystem services, yet human activity has degraded many of these riverine systems. Previous investigations of floodplain forest composition have frequently focused on flooding without incorporating successional dynamics; however, their restoration requires understanding both. We investigated floodplain forest composition along both flooding and succession gradients. River meandering builds new floodplain land with a variable microtopography and diverse levels of flood exposure. We compared vegetation to floodplain land ages on chronological sequences. Our results suggest that diverse species assemblages in floodplains result at least in part from geomorphic change. Ensuring that flood pulses continue to erode riverbanks and deposit sediments on sandbars and in floodplains is essential to the restoration and conservation of diverse forest assemblages in these ecosystems.

  17. Sustainability of ecosystem restoration projects in South Africa.

    Links between climate change adaptation, mitigation and development co-benefits in land policy and ecosystem restoration projects are hampered by limited understanding of how multi-faceted policy, institutions and projects interact. This paper explores perceptions of co-benefits produced by two community-level projects that pursue ecosystem restoration in South Africa. It develops a new analytical framework to assess the enabling and constraining factors in delivering triple wins for adaptation, mitigation and development. The aim is to investigate the potential for integrating community perspectives into policy and project development and implementation. Data collected through mixed-methods (policy analysis, semi-structured interviews, participatory site visits and focus groups) are analysed using thematic analysis. We find that while the projects investigated have potential to deliver triple wins, siloed approaches presently hinder effective implementation. In particular, project focus on job creation hampers the achievement of longer-term mitigation and adaptation benefits. Operational flexibility, long-term goals, multi-sectoral cooperation and enabling frameworks are imperative to the achievement of triple wins. Findings provide valuable lessons that can be applied across sub-Saharan Africa towards achieving triple wins in climate and development policy and practice, especially those developed with job creation and ecological restoration aims.

  18. Mycorrhizae Fungi and Native Plants Support Ecosystem Health and Indigenous Land Rematriation

    This work harnesses an ancient symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants to protect water quality and enhance pollinator habitat. By utilizing native plants, this restoration effort also provides harvest ways for the Original Peoples whose ancestors lived on this land. This research demonstrates how restoration can increase biodiversity of pollinator habitat and phosphorus uptake by plants likely resulting in lower phosphorus loads entering fresh water bodies.

  19. Isolated Ficus trees deliver dual conservation and development

    Many of the world’s rural populations are dependent on the local provision of economically and medicinally important plant resources. However, increasing land-use intensity is depleting these resources, reducing human welfare, and thereby constraining development. Here we investigate a low cost strategy to manage the availability of valuable plant resources, facilitated by the use of isolated Ficus trees as restoration nuclei. We surveyed the plants growing under 207 isolated trees in Assam, India, and categorized them according to their local human-uses. We found that Ficus trees were associated with double the density of important high-grade timber, firewood, human food, livestock fodder, and medicinal plants compared to non-Ficus trees. Management practices were also important in determining the density of valuable plants, with grazing pressure and land-use intensity significantly affecting densities in most categories. Community management practices that conserve isolated Ficus trees, and restrict livestock grazing and high-intensity land-use in their vicinity, can promote plant growth and the provision of important local resources.

  20. Ecological dynamics illuminate Mark’s parable of the sower

    Jesus’ parable of the sower portrays four common Galilean habitats that form an interdependent ecological system. Soil rich enough to produce the abundant yield of the final scenario is easily degraded, and the processes at work in the first three habitats are needed to keep the land fertile. Agrarian people who knew Galilean land would quickly have understood that the parable graphically portrays restoration of the land and its inhabitants.

  21. Nature-Based Resilience: Experiences of Five Cities from South Asia

    This study documents insights from five cities of five different countries of the South Asian region which are subjected to a wide array of disasters: Barishal (Bangladesh), Phuentsholing (Bhutan), Gurugram (India), Kathmandu (Nepal), and Colombo (Sri Lanka). The primary objective of this study is to provide evidence on how NbS are being practiced. Thus, some success stories in cities under consideration are highlighted: restoration of natural canals through integrated development plans and community participation (Barishal), concepts of Gross National Happiness (GNH) and minimal nature interventions (Phuentsholing), “Greening cities’’ including eco-corridors, vegetation belts, biodiversity parks (Gurugram), proper land use planning aims at different disasters (Kathmandu), and wetland restoration and management with multiple benefits (Colombo). These cases could therefore, act as a “proxy” for learning from each other to prepare for and recover from future disasters while building NbR.

  22. Analysis and Comparative Study of Image Restoration by using Matlab

    The Image restoration is the recovery of an image that has been degraded by blur and noise. Degradation typically involves blurring of the original image and corruption noise. The recovery of an original image from degraded observations is of paramount importance and can find its application in several scientific areas including medical and diagnostics, authentication automated industry inspection, astronomical imaging and many areas. Image restoration assures good sights of image when it is subjected to further techniques of image processing. In this the presentation of results and comparisons of the restoration algorithms namely Weiner filter, the regularized filter and Lucy Richardson as implemented in MATLAB. The image which will be used that will be degraded by motion blur with Gaussian, Salt and pepper and speckle noise models respectively and restoration of same image using various algorithms mentioned above. The algorithm of image restoration, distinguish themselves from enhance method in that they are based on models for degrading process and for the ideal image. Vaishali Kumari | Ranjan Kumar Singh "Analysis and Comparative Study of Image Restoration by using Matlab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13082.pdf

  23. Multipurpose vegetation for stabilizing riverbanks and gullies

    The selection multipurpose plants for environmental and socio-economic benefits to the end users is a a critical decision making challenge in degraded land restoration and sustainable land management programmes. A demand driven multi-criteria based plant species prioritization was done through focus group discussions with local communities and experts in southwest Ethiopia. The article discusses the detail methodologies, the criteria used for the prioritization, the prioritized list of indigenous and exotic plants in the region and the options for making trade-off between environmental and socio-economic benefits.

  24. Reviewing the past, present and potential lizard faunas of New Zealand cities

    Cities and urban processes typically have a negative impact on biodiversity via land cover change, high rates of disturbance and high densities of pest species. Increasingly, however, people are being encouraged and empowered to reduce these impacts through urban restoration and backyard conservation initiatives. Internationally, lizards are a common feature of urban biodiversity, but in New Zealand where many species are threatened, little is known about populations of native skinks and geckos in cities. Yet cities may offer unique opportunities for lizard conservation compared with alternatively modified habitats. To explore the potential of cities for the conservation of lizards, we collated knowledge about the current lizard faunas of six New Zealand cities and developed a list of species that would likely have been present in the locations of these cities prior to human settlement. Comparing the two, we found that, although each of the cities has at least one currently urban-dwelling species, the diversity of lizards in all of the cities has declined dramatically since human colonisation.

  25. Biodiversity change under human depopulation in Japan

    Many countries are experiencing low human fertility leading to ageing and depopulation. Japan has been shrinking since 2010. Other Asian and European nations are following suit. We call Japan a Depopulation Vanguard Country for its world region of Northeast Asia. However, and despite some people's hopes for population decline to contribute to nature recovery -- what we call a “depopulation dividend” -- Japan’s experience shows this may not be happening. Our study used data collected by citizen scientists from 158 locations nationwide on behalf of Japan's Monitoring Sites 1000 project. Using this data we track biodiversity change among 466 species of birds, butterflies, fireflies, frog egg masses, and almost 3,000 native and non‑native plants across wooded, agricultural, and peri‑urban landscapes over 5–17 years. We found that biodiversity continued to decline regardless of whether human populations are shrinking or growing. Only areas with stable populations show more stable biodiversity. However, most of these areas are also ageing, making biodiversity decline likely in future when they too begin to depopulate. Our study points to agricultural land use change, including urban development, disuse and abandonment, and intensification, as the main driver of continuing biodiversity losses in these regions of Japan. This is probably due to the reduction and cessation of regular seasonal human livelihood practices and habitat maintenance, such as paddy flooding and rice planting and harvesting, that comes with the reduction and loss of a human presence. We urge countries facing depopulation to include consideration of its possible outcomes in their nature conservation and restoration programmes.

  26. Improving Water and Nature by Using Helpful Fungi in Forests Near Water

    This study focuses on restoring a degraded riparian forested buffer using mycorrhizae, a beneficial fungus, to improve water quality and pollinator functions. By examining the impact of mycorrhizae on plant diversity and phosphorus levels, the research aims to find sustainable solutions for ecosystem restoration while respecting indigenous land access.

  27. Landscape metrics applied to formerly reclaimed saltmarshes

    Analyses of saltmarsh ecosystem services have been particularly focused on the capacity of mitigating climate change effects to cope with rising sea levels and concerning flood management. Nevertheless, ecosystem stability is vital for accurate service delivery, but land-use changes and coastal erosion are affecting saltmarshes. This provides the background for one of the primary arguments for protecting saltmarshes. Landscape metrics were selected according to shape, complexity, and connectivity parameters, and added to average elevation and distance to the coast, for two years - 1972 and 2010. We developed an equation that measures coastal protection, taking into account the results of PCA and the percentage of explained variation of each component (coastal defence index: ES_CoastDef). Three saltmarshes located in the Algarve region, Portugal, were selected to apply the coastal defence index. Individual patches were analysed according to saltmarsh typologies. Results revealed that every saltmarsh decreased its coastal defence from 1972 to 2010; changes in shape and connectivity metrics affect mostly the index performance. In 1972, natural saltmarshes offered a better coastal defence than the other typologies, but in 2010 formerly reclaimed saltmarshes comprised higher values of coastal defence. Positive evolutions in terms of reclaimed saltmarshes have enabled them to provide coastal defence ecosystem services. Thus, through this index it is possible to outline target coastal defence parameters and design strategies for their conservation and consider ecological restoration.

  28. Estimating the amount of disaster waste using RapidEye data

    Because estimating the amount of disaster waste will affect all subsequent restoration processing, it is necessary to quickly estimate the quantity and extent of disaster waste. This estimation can be accomplished using remote sensing data with the development of a method for extracting detailed information buried in a one-pixel mixed class (‘mixel’). In a previous study, the use of RapidEye data observed during, before and after an earthquake, we proposed methods to extract detailed information buried in the mixel and classify land cover information. Moreover, we proposed methods of estimating disaster building domain and disaster building numbers. However, the amount of disaster waste has not yet been estimated. In this paper, we propose such a method using the results of estimating disaster building numbers.

  29. Cellulosimicrobium funkei-like enhances the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris by modulating oxidative damage under Chromium(VI) toxicity

    Contamination of agriculture land by heavy metals is a worldwide risk that has sped up noticeably since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Hence, there arise the demands of heavy metal tolerant plant growth promoting bacterial strains for specific metal contaminated agricultural sites restoration. In this study, 36 bacterial isolates were screened out from the rhizospheric soil of Phaseolus vulgaris. Among these, two bacterial strains AR6 and AR8 were selected based on their higher Cr (VI) tolerance (1200 and 1100 μg/mL, respectively) and the maximum production of plant growth promoting substances. In the molecular characterization study, both the bacterial strains showed 99% homology with Cellulosimicrobium funkei KM032184. In greenhouse experiments, the exposure of Cr (VI) to P. vulgaris inhibited the growth and photosynthetic pigments and increased the enzymatic …

  30. Mycorrhizal fungi modulate plant communities in grasslands.

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic relationships with most of the land plants, improving plant nutrition, plant resistance against pathogens, and thereby plant performance. Through their impact on performance of plant individuals symbiotic relationships between plants and AM fungi are expected to also influence plant community composition and ecosystem processes. However, it remains unknown how tightly communities of plants and AM fungi are related in nature and what determines the strength of their relationship. We found that shifts in the composition of plants and AM fungi are related and that plant mycorrhizal traits can determine how tightly both communities are interlinked. We also found that plant and AM fungal communities are strongly related when the abundance of plant species obligatorily relying on mycorrhizal symbiosis is high. This is the case in many grasslands, and thus considering AM fungi can help making restoration and conservation efforts to protect grasslands and their high biodiversity more successful.

  31. Incorporating earth fault location in management-control scheme for distribution networks

    Nowadays Agents in smart grids are based on utilizing intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) [1]-[3] to manage the fault, restore the service, and then improve the network reliability [4]-[5]. The main contribution of this paper is presenting a modified centralized control depending on the fault-location determination in order to reduce the used devices for accomplishing the fault management procedure. The modified centralized control utilizes the output of a presented fault location algorithm to identify the probable faulted section. Then, isolating the faulted section is accomplished through control signals between the lateral panel substation and the faulted section isolators. The sequence of these signals is accomplished via a proposed manner to overcome the error of the fault-location estimation. The communication hops' number is, also, reduced as compared with the centralized and decentralized methods [1]. Further, the problems resulting from using IEDs [1]-[2] are eliminated especially in earthed distribution networks with distributed generations presence or unearthed networks where the presented fault locator is applicable for the earthed and unearthed distribution networks. [1] M. Nordman and M. Lehtonen, An agent concept for managing electrical distribution networks, In: IEEE Trans Power Delivery, April.2005;20:696-703. [2] N. Tarhuni, N. Elkalashy, T. Kawady, M. Lehtonen, Autonomous Control Strategy for Fault Management in Distribution Networks, In: Journal of Elect. Power Syst. Res, April 2015;121:252-59. [3] F. H. Malik, and M. Lehtonen, Agents in smart grids, In: Elect. Power System Research, 2016;131:71-79. [4] S. Kazemi, M. Lehtonen, R. Millar, Impact of automatic loop restoration schemes on service reliability, IET conference on Reliability of transmission and distribution networks (RTDN), 2011.p.1-6. [5] S. Kazemi, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Pasand, and M. Lehtonen, Impact of automatic control systems of loop restoration scheme on the distribution system reliability, In: IET Gen Transm Distrib, 2009; vol.3, no. 10:891-902.

  32. Investigating in Indigenous Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation Mechanism in Wollo: An Explanation of Abegar from African Solutions Afsol Perspective

    This article introduced the audience about the most known indigenous conflict resolution mechanism in North East Ethiopia called the Abegar System . "Abegar is widly practiced in Amhara Region. The Abegar aims at the restoration of order and harmony of the community. Reconciliation is its necessary objective for the restoration of social cohesion of the community in general and of social relationships between conflicting parties in particular. This study is a descriptive in its purpose and case study in its methodological approach. Primary and secondary data are collected for this study. The researcher contributes to create awareness about the issue at hand for concerned body and promote the use of indigenous knowledge as an alternative conflict resolution. The study explored cultural values that contribute to peaceful coexistence, political stability and economic development of the above mentioned community. Mulugeta Tesfaye Teshome "Investigating in Indigenous Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation Mechanism in Wollo: An Explanation of Abegar from African Solutions (Afsol) Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18847.pdf

  33. Between conservation and restoration: the wall paintings in the church of the Crusaders in Abu Gosh and the authentication of the site as Emmaus

    The wall paintings in the Crusader church in Abu Gosh were conserved and restored in two different operations in the last thirty years. While the conservation revealed new iconographies of the original wall paintings, the restoration added and changed details. The discernment between the two allows us once again to discuss the meaning of the original Crusader decoration program as a whole. This article argues that the frescoes decorating the church reference a set of prominent sacred places in the Holy Land, and suggests an interpretation of the murals in regard to the holy place to which it is linked and to the edifice it adorns. I would like to thank Prof. Jean-Baptiste Delzant for the connection he made between the Cologne conservators and I.

  34. Comparison between FPGA Implementation of Discrete Wavelet Transform, Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Double Density Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform in Verilog HDL

    In recent world video and image compression, enhancement, restoration have become very essential. There are many applications where we need to use different transform techniques to convert the signal or data in frequency or time domain. However, with the wide spread of image usage in many fields of our lives, it becomes very important to develop new techniques. The previous research was based on Discrete wavelet transform. In this paper, we introduce Dual tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Double Density Complex Wavelet Transform for applications such as image restoration and enhancement. This introduces limited redundancy 4 1 for 2 dimensional signals and allows the transform to provide approximate shift invariance and directionally selective filters properties lacking in the traditional wavelet transform while preserving the usual properties of perfect reconstruction and computational efficiency. We show how the dual tree complex wavelet transform and Double Density complex wavelet transform can provide a good basis for multiresolution image denoising and de blurring. Richa Srivastava | Dr. Ravi Mishra "Comparison between FPGA Implementation of Discrete Wavelet Transform, Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Double Density Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform in Verilog HDL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14108.pdf

  35. Chants of Re-Enchantment

    This article discusses 'Chamorro chant’ employed as a means to nourish and empower discourses of indigenous identity. On Guam, a remote tropical island serving as the ‘tip of the spear’ for the colossal might of the American war machine, the ambiguous, paradoxical, and contradictory forces of 'war magic' and 'warrior religion’ are interwoven into centuries of colonial history to emerge as forms of exploitation as well as forms of resistance.

  36. Healthy Cities and Healing Environments

    The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council released a plan in October 2016 entitled “Outline of the Plan of ‘Healthy China 2030’.”The objective outlined in the plan was to “integrate health into the whole process of urban-rural planning, construction and governance, and promote the harmonious development between cities and human health.”As an indispensable part of building a healthy China, the healing environment concept has proven integral to the physiological and psychological health of human beings. The early achievements made in the psychological science and rehabilitation fields have gradually impacted landscape architecture, urban planning and architecture. In modern high-density city settlements, particularly since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, the importance of healing environments has been highlighted. In recent years, scholars have expanded on and deepened the research by investigating blue-green spaces at different levels, as well as the natural elements of a built environment. They have also attempted to utilize experimental means wherever possible, making remarkable progress in the process. The editorial department of this journal organized an academic conversation on the topic, Healthy Cities and Healing Environments. Six scholars from different backgrounds were invited to take part in a focused, yet diverse, discussion. Based on the relationship between green and health on the urban scale, Li Shuhua explained that cities are places where humans gather and live and, thus, such places continue to develop with the evolution of our species. An ideal city should conform to people,s collective desire for a better life. It should not only meet the needs associated with sustainable ecological development but also provide people with an appropriate living environment in favor of human health. The Green Healthy City Theory provides an ideal perspective toward alleviating current “Urban diseases”and “Urban population health issues”. The Otemachi Forest in the center of Tokyo represents a practical pioneering case of the Green Healthy City Theory. Based on relations between humans, nature and cities, the current study traced the development of ideal cities in Europe, America, Japan and China, and discussed the principles and constituent elements that should be adhered to during practical construction of a green healthy city. There are evident differences among different races in terms of the COVID-19 infection rate in the United States (US), which reflect health justice issues. Therefore, Jiang Bin et al. hypothesized that such differences among races are significantly reduced in areas where green space coverage is high. Taking control over variables covering socioeconomic characteristics and chronic diseases, the current study measured the correlation between racial differences in the COVID-19 infection rate and green space coverage using a multi-linear regression model. The findings from the study revealed that, at the county level, higher green space coverage could significantly reduce racial differences of COVID-19 infection rate. Further, four green space types were found to contribute to this reduction. Finally, an encircling mechanism and five core mechanisms were established to interpret such correlation. Du Hongwu et al. determined that it is extremely important that high-density urban scenery meet people,s restorative needs, which were highlighted during the COVID-19 outbreak. Two types of sky gardens, which are grown outside well-designed office buildings and residential buildings, both promote restoration. However, their spatial morphologies, influential factors and action mechanisms differ. The spatial locations , combinations and relations between spaces should be arranged in a way that increases the restorative benefits of sky gardens. Toward improving the quality of sky gardens, the influential factors impacting the restorative benefits of sky gardens should be explored further. These include visual accessibility, the spatial level of sky gardens and the green view rates. It is also important to establish supportive environments, to strengthen multifunctionality, to diversify activity types and to increase participation and usage rates.Zheng et al. believed that green contact in cities is crucial for the promotion of urban residents, health. In practical projects, full consideration to functions and the use of streets has to be given to such green contact in order that the associated health benefits are realized. Combining the street reconstruction for a park city in Chengdu, Zheng et al. investigated the walking and business-facility use preferences of 40 respondents in specific street scenes as well as the green space alongside streets for the remainder of the behavioral experiment. Moreover, their first impressions and sub-dimensional evaluation findings of the street environment were collected. At the same time, eye positions of respondents in their relevant choices or evaluations were recorded using an SMI Redn Professional desktop eye tracker. The results of the study provide support for decision-making in the design of healthy streets. Long Hao attempted to review and elaborate on the specific applications of evidence-based design in the design and construction of rehabilitation gardens. He believed that as an important psychological and physiological rehabilitation space in CCRC-type aging communities, rehabilitation gardens should be implemented to improve functions of gardens in psychological counseling based on evidence-based design. The psychological health, depression and anxiety of the aged residents are becoming increasingly prominent issues as the closed management in medical and nursing institutions for the aged is becoming increasingly common as a result of COVID19. It is expected that the current study will provide reference points and assistance in thinking about rehabilitation garden design into the future and offering a feasible psychological health space for CCRC-type aging communities. Focusing on the age-friendly city framework of the World Health Organization (WHO), Yuan Xiaomei proposed the concept of a “community environment of health management for the aged.”This concept helps to establish the key technological system of “the aged+environment+life”from the perspectives of “comfort and safety”, “encouragement in activities”, “intimacy to nature”and “interaction.”She aims to integrate rehabilitation therapy into daily outdoor activities for the aged and provide them with an effective environmental solution to their health-and life-related issues. In the current study, the health performance and application potential of relevant technologies were described through their combination with the findings of the preliminary research and evidence-based practices put forward by the research team led by Professor Yuan Xiaomei.

  37. Making the cities green: Ecological restoration of degraded urban areas using green infrastructure implications

    The ecological functions of urban areas are degraded the infrastructures of cities and the built up regions have enormous impacts on ecosystems and ecology of the urban environment. In this paper, we focused on the connections of urban ecology and urban design, urbanisation impacts on urban ecosystems functions and ecological urbanism approach to degraded urban areas. The studies revealed the relationship of urban ecology and urban design and the ecosystem services they provide in the urban environment. In modern cities the impacts of urbanisation on ecosystem and ecology are various. Many cities in the world have implemented green infrastructure strategies for environmental improvement. Green infrastructure like green spaces, parks, gardens, and green building provide ecosystem services to urban areas and can restore the ecological functions of urban areas. We proposed that Green infrastructure implications at urban design and buildings design level can lead to ecological urbanism practices and can reduce the environmental problems in degraded urban areas. Salman Ali | Li Baofeng "Making the cities green: Ecological restoration of degraded urban areas using green infrastructure implications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9501.pdf

  38. Rural Transformation in India

    "Rural Transformation in India" by Ramphul Ohlan (2016) – Summary & Key Insights Published in: Journal of Land and Rural Studies (SAGE, June 2016) DOI: 10.1177/2321024916640110 1. Core Focus Ohlan’s study examines the structural shifts in rural India post-liberalization (1991 onward), analyzing how economic, social, and policy changes have reshaped agrarian livelihoods, land use, and rural development. 2. Key Themes Explored A. Drivers of Rural Transformation Economic Liberalization: Decline of traditional agriculture, rise of non-farm employment (construction, services). Commercialization of farming: Shift from subsistence crops (wheat, rice) to cash crops (horticulture, dairy). Technological Change: Mechanization (tractors, harvesters) reducing labor demand. Digital divide: Limited rural internet access hinders market linkages. B. Land Use & Agrarian Change Fragmentation of Landholdings: 85% of farmers are small/marginal (<2 hectares), leading to unviable plots. Land Leasing & Tenancy: Informal leasing (50% of leased land undocumented) creates insecurity for tenants. C. Rural Labor Dynamics Migration: Seasonal migration to cities due to agrarian distress (debt, low yields). Feminization of agriculture: Men migrate, women manage farms with limited resources. D. Policy Impacts MGNREGA: Reduced distress but criticized for low wages and delays. Subsidies (Fertilizers, Power): Distort cropping patterns (e.g., water-intensive rice in Punjab). E. Social Inequities Caste & Land Ownership: Upper castes control larger holdings; Dalits rely on wage labor. Gender Disparities: Women own <14% of land despite doing 60–80% of farm work. 3. Theoretical Frameworks Structural Transformation Theory: Transition from agrarian to industrial/service-based economies. New Institutional Economics: Role of land tenure systems, property rights. 4. Key Findings Rural India is diversifying but remains crisis-prone (climate shocks, debt). Non-farm sectors (e.g., tourism, e-commerce) now contribute >50% of rural GDP. Policy gaps: Land reforms stalled, credit access unequal, infrastructure lagging. 5. Policy Recommendations Land Reforms: Formalize leasing (e.g., Model Land Leasing Act, 2016). Promote land consolidation (e.g., FPOs). Skill Development: Train youth for non-farm jobs (logistics, handicrafts). Gender Justice: Joint land titles, women’s cooperatives. Climate Adaptation: Drought-resistant crops, micro-irrigation. 6. Why This Study Matters Relevance to SDGs: Links to No Poverty (SDG 1), Gender Equality (SDG 5), Decent Work (SDG 8). Contemporary Issues: Explains roots of farmers’ protests (2020–21) and rurbanization. Global Comparison: Parallels with rural decline in China, Brazil. 7. Critical Gaps & Future Research Impact of Climate Change: How will erratic monsoons affect transformation? Digital Economy: Can e-NAM, Agritech startups bridge rural-urban divides? Caste Dynamics: Need for intersectional analysis of rural mobility.

  39. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) constitutes a nucleoprotein component of extracellular inflammatory exosomes

    In general, telomeres are believed to function within the nucleus. They determine the age of a cell and maintain genome stability. In this article, we described a new role of telomeres, in which telomeres could stimulate inflammation. This stimulation is achieved by a non-coding RNA that transcribed from telomeres, named TERRA. We found TERRA is secreted through exosomes. These TERRA containing exosomes stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines in the recipient cells.

  40. Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Treatment: A Review of Progress and Future Prospects

    Chronic non healing ulcers are a significant medical problem and the incidence of these wounds is expected to increase as the United States population ages. It was projected that approximately 1,400,000 diabetics in this country alone would suffer from Diabetic foot ulcer DFU in 2015. The three major challenges in the medical management of DFU are 1 reduction of microbial infection both directly and through enhancement of a productive immune response, 2 restoration of a constructive wound healing microenvironment, and 3 induction of sufficient revascularization. A recent European study showed that approximately 28 of patients with infected DFU required amputations. Although the data are challenging to interpret due to the wide range of disease severities included in the analyses, standard therapies only cure approximately 30 of DFU after 20 weeks and at best advanced modality therapies achieve ~56 healing at 12 weeks. The increasing prevalence of chronic non healing ulcers poses significant clinical challenges to wound care, often requiring the use of potent antibiotics with undesirable side effects on wound healing. However, no current product addresses both infection and closure of chronic non healing ulcers. There is an unmet medical need for alternative products assessed by randomized, controlled trials with well defined and controlled manufacturing processes for the treatment of chronic cutaneous ulcers. The present review emphasizes on development of the next generation of therapeutic skin substitutes which promote wound closure. Dr. Elton Mathias | Dr. Roveena Goveas | Madhu Srinivas Murthy "Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Treatment: A Review of Progress and Future Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7106.pdf

  41. "Arid Land Systems Sciences and Societies: Potential for Enhanced Water Decoupling - HILMI S. SALEm

    ABSTRACT: Preface to ”Arid Land Systems” Understanding deserts and drylands is essential, as arid landscapes cover >40% of the Earth and are home to two billion people. Today’s problematic environment–human interaction needs contemporary knowledge to address dryland complexity. Physical dimensions in arid zones—land systems, climate and hazards, ecology—are linked with social processes that directly impact drylands, such as land management, livelihoods, and development. The challenges require integrated research that identifies systemic drivers across global arid regions. This book, based on a Special Issue in the journal Land, unifies desert science, arid environments, and development. Chapters identify land dynamics, address system risks and delineate human functions through original research in dryland regions. Measurement and monitoring, field investigation, remote sensing, and data analysis are effective tools to investigate natural dynamics. Equally, inquiry into how policy and practice affect landscape sustainability is key to mitigating detrimental activity in deserts. Relations between socio-economic forces and degradation, ethnologies, agro-pastoral rangeland use, drought and disaster and resource extraction reflect land interactions. Contemporary themes of development and transition, food security, conflict and conservation are interlinked in arid environments. Through knowledge, documentation and evaluation, the book links academic disciplines to convey the complexities and possibilities existing across drylands. The chapters draw together a great variety of global drylands. Research explores the Gobi Desert and China, Central Asia and the Middle East, as well as multiple African dimensions and Latin America. The aim is to understand the essential themes that arid and semi-arid regions encounter and engage with today. This interdisciplinary study reflects the vital links between social and environmental science in global deserts. Using mixed methodologies and varied techniques, the original work stresses today’s topical themes to present novel analyses. The book offers much to dryland researchers, stakeholders and importantly, policy makers, who shape the world’s vast desert landscapes. Troy Sternberg, Ariell Ahearn Special Issue Editors. FOR CITATION: Michael Gilmont, Lara Nassar, Steve Rayner, Nadav Tal, Erica Harper, and Hilmi S. Salem. 2019. The Potential for Enhanced Water Decoupling in the Jordan Basin through Regional Agricultural. Best Practice (PP: 152-171 ). In:Troy Sternberg and Ariell Ahearn (Eds.), "Arid Land Systems Sciences and Societies," MDPI, Switzerland. 380 P. ISBN 978-3-03921-347-4 (Pbk) - ISBN 978-3-03921-348-1 (PDF).

  42. Design and Construction of a 20 000 Mah Wind Power Bank

    The study aimed to design and construct a portable wind power bank, using quantitative research method to profoundly explain the concept and define the problems that will make an improvement for the ideas in developing the project. One type of wind powered battery charging will be explored in this paper. This can be used in times of power interruptions, in the absence of electrical sources, during outdoor activities away from home where charging is a necessity, and most specially to save money by minimizing electrical consumption. It is designed to be installed fixed on home rooftops when at home but can be detachable and can be carried whenever necessary. It is an energy saving device for the reason that it may not need any external source of electricity. It consists of a wind turbine driving a generator and operates at variable speed. It consists of three different modules which are power supply module, power storage module and phone charging module. All these modules consist of different components that perform different functions. The power supply module consists of the components' physics, the principles and the design. The power storage module includes the components parameters responsible for the restoration of energy to the battery after it has been used to charge mobile phones. There is connecting port between the power bank power storage and charging module and the phone charging module through which it can be connected in order to recharge phones as well as to recharge the power bank from an AC source. This paper analyzes the property of the system components. The effect of parameter variation and the system configuration on the system performance are investigated. Ramon L. Pitao, Jr. | Sunny E. Araneta | Clifford Jan C. Dionson | Jaypee G. Gagarino | Ronald M. Famor "Design and Construction of a 20 000 Mah Wind Power Bank" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23426.pdf

  43. Genetic Programming Approach for Oral Cancer Detection and its Image Restoration

    Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Cancers are of different types like breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer and so on. Oral Cancer is one of the types of cancers. Oral cancer is a very common type of cancer. This Oral Cancer is observed in both males as well as females. It is a big challenge to detect Oral Cancer. This is a time consuming process in medical image processing. Detection and prevention of oral cancer at early stage is critical. But it increases the chances of survival. This work presents the detection of oral cancers using Image Processing. Clinical images which are RGB images and microscopic images are used as the input image for detection of cancer. At first, Gabor filter is used to remove noise from the images. This is used for image enhancement in image preprocessing step. Genetic Algorithm is used to extract the features of tumors from the enhanced image. GA is used for segmentation of image. The proposed algorithm provides better segmentation. Genetic Programming GP , is a computation technique that can evolve better solutions for image classification problems. Rasika Joat | Dr. A. P. Thakare | Dr. Ketaki Kalele | Dr. Viashali Thakare "Genetic Programming Approach for Oral Cancer Detection and its Image Restoration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12787.pdf

  44. A Case-Study on Blackout

    Indian grid system is a synchronized system and presently operating as National Grid. India has five provincial grids altogether as per geological region which covers the distinct states electrical power framework to be specific these are Northern Grid, Eastern Grid, Western Grid, Southern Grid and North Eastern Grid. Southern Grid isnt synchronized with whatever is left of the areas and consequently keeps running on a marginally different frequency and associated with Western Grid and Eastern Grid through HVDC links. A power outage is the total or partial loss of energy to a territory and is the most serious type of blackout that can happen. Power outage is a transgression to the interconnected power framework. At the point when interconnected power framework goes out of step, it is basic and essential to distinguish it quickly, and islanding ought to be taken to counteract boundless power outage. Two extreme power outages influenced the greater part of northern and eastern India on 30th and 31st July 2012. The 30th July 2012 power outage influenced more than 300 million individuals and was the then biggest power blackout ever, tallying number of individuals influenced, beating the January 2001 India power outage. Within the 24 hours of restoration of this, another blackout strokes the northern part of the country. The outage of 31st July is the biggest power blackout exceeding the previous one. Abhay Nath Dubey | Dr. Deepika Chauhan | Md. Asif Iqbal "A Case-Study on Blackout" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11287.pdf

  45. Blind Navigation: Technologies for Visually Impaired

    Blindness is a condition in which an individual loses the visual recognition. Mobility and self reliability for the blind has dependably been an issue. A considerable measure has been made to propel advances that enhance blind and partial sighted individual's spatial observation. Many surveys of various technologies of navigation system for visually impaired with their usefulness, design and working according to the requirement of blind people is conducted. Current innovation gives applications to be proficiently appropriated and keep running on versatile and hand held gadgets, even in cases wherever unique procedures are vital. Electronic travel aids navigation modules, text to speech applications, with added advancement in the technology are getting integrated into normal mobile devices. These technologies combined with continuous simple interfaces and methods of collaboration has opened a scope of most recent perspectives for the restoration and being easy to use of people with visual impairment. In general, it can be summarized to those technologies supporting the visually impaired with basic analysis and application development. This can provide better understanding of the technologies and their further analysis for future research. Madhushree M | Sushmitha M | Manjunath C R | Soumya K N "Blind Navigation: Technologies for Visually Impaired" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13030.pdf

  46. The Short and Long Term Peace Strategies: “Anglophone” Crisis, Cameroon

    Just like in Ethiopia, the unrest in the Republic of Cameroon is rooted in the country's history, which dates back to many years. This paper seeks to analyze the institutional and attitudinal elements on the way forward for the restoration to normalcy of the state of affairs within the national territory. It is not a recipe for apportioning blames but of principles and options to a pacific settlement of disputes within the national territory. Maxwell N. Achu "The Short and Long Term Peace Strategies: "Anglophone Crisis, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23512.pdf

  47. Study of FPGA Based Multi-Channel Analyzer for Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Spectrometry

    Study of FPGA Based Multi channel Analyzer MCA for Gamma ray and X ray Spectroscopy has been presented in this article. For the systems, FPGA has been chosen as the central pulse processor. And NaI Tl scintillation counter, BF3 or Silicon Drift Detector followed by Voltage Preamplifier VPA or Fast Amplifier, Shaping Amplifier of 150 ns and 450 ns and high resolution ADC 8 12 bit, 50 MHz . Special features for the systems are Pulse Pile up Detection and Rejection, Clipping Pulses and Base line Restoration BLR . The system performance varies from 332 KCPS to 400 KCPS. Energy spectrum in the presence of 137Cs, 60Co, 232Th and broadband X ray beam by different nuclear detectors has been also presented. M. N. Islam | H. Akhter "Study of FPGA Based Multi-Channel Analyzer for Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Spectrometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19113.pdf

  48. Physical and Mathematical Aspects of Tortuosity - HILMI S. SALEM

    ABSTRACT: Tortuosity tau is physically defined as the ratio (or the square of the ratio) of the effective length of pore channels (through which the hydraulic flow and electric current are conducted) to the length parallel to the overall direction of the pore channels in a porous medium. It has a significant influence on hydraulic flow and electric current because of its response to the variations in lithology, pressure and petrophysical properties. Determination of tortuosity enables one to understand the mechanisms of hydraulic flow and electric current, and the channel-network complexities in porous media. In this study, physical and mathematical aspects of tortuosity are discussed. Also, tortuosity is mathematically derived as the square root of the dimensionless formation resistivity factor times fractional porosity. Tortuosity can be successfully used for interpretation of the physical behavior of unconsolidated and consolidated porous media, similarly, and for formations characterized by high degrees of compaction, heterogeneity and anisotropy, as in the case of the Hibernia and Terra Nova reservoirs, off the eastern coast of Canada. FOR CITATION: Hilmi S. SALEM and George V. Chilingarian (2000). Physical and Mathematical Aspects of Tortuosity in Regard to the Fluid Flow and Electric Current Conduction in Porous Media: Example of the Hibernia and Terra Nova Reservoirs, Off the Eastern Coast of Canada. Energy Sources, 22(2): 137-145, DOI: 10.1080/00908310050014117 and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263154231_Physical_and_Mathematical_Aspects_of_Tortuosity_in_Regard_to_the_Fluid_Flow_and_Electric_Current_Conduction_in_Porous_Media_Example_of_the_Hibernia_and_Terra_Nova_Reservoirs_Off_the_Eastern_Coast_of_C

  49. Open plant trait database has many applications

    This paper describes BETYdb, an open database of plant trait and yield data that has been used for meta-analysis and crop and ecosystem modeling. It summarizes the available data and provides examples of its use. In addition to providing open data to advance bioenergy feedstock research, BETYdb has expanded to included data on a wide range of plant and ecosystems measurements. BETYdb is the central database supporting the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn, pecanproject.org) framework for crop and ecosystem modeling; it is used by the TERRA REFerence Phenotyping Platform (TERRA-REF, terraref.org) to store agronomic metadata and plant traits for the public domain high throughput phenomics dataset. The database schema was also adopted by the Global Forest Carbon database (forc-db.github.io), the largest database of ground-based measurements of forest ecosytsem carbon stocks and annual fluxes. In this paper we demonstrate the use of BETYdb to characterize biomass production of multiple potential biomass crops. A key finding is that Miscanthus is over twice as productive as Switchgrass across a wide range of environmental and management conditions.

  50. Impact of Plastic on the Environment

    Plastics are a part of our daily lives.Plastic are high molecular weight organic polymers which can be moulded into desired shapes by the application of heat and pressure. Unfortunately, that doesn't mean they're safe or responsible. Plastic pollution is currently one of the biggest environmental concerns. It may seem like large amounts of plastic waste are inevitable in the world we live in, but you can help with the plastic pollution issue by being aware of its dangers and taking steps to reduce waste. The amount of garbage in the world increases as the population grows, and disposable plastic products, like water bottles and soda cans, accumulate over time. Plastic pollution occurs when enough plastic has gathered in an area that it affects the natural environment and harms plants, animals, or humans. Plastic has toxic pollutants that damage the environment and cause land, water, and air pollution. It can take hundreds or even thousands of years for plastic to break down, so the damage to the environment is long lasting. Overuse of plastic is the main cause of plastic pollution. Plastic is cheap and widely available, but people frequently dispose of plastic items. They don't decompose, and they release an incredible amount of toxins into the air if they're burned. Regular, everyday trash is one of the biggest contributors to plastic pollution. Milk cartons with plastic linings, disposable water bottles, soaps with small plastic beads, and other products end up in the environment or in dumps where they can affect the groundwater and nearby wildlife. Commercial fishing nets are another big issue. Although fishing is necessary for the economy and for food supply in many regions, nets are often made of plastic. When the nets are submerged in the water, they leak toxins. They can also break or get lost, adding even more pollutants to the water. The pollution in the river and land is mostly from plastic, and it has a terrible impact on marine and land species. As a result, it can hurt the economy and food supply for communities that rely on fishing. Plastic can hurt tiny organisms like plankton, which larger animals rely on for food. If small organisms are poisoned from ingesting plastic, the animals that eat them will also consume toxins. The toxins work their way up the food chain and can even be present in the fish people eat. Not only does plastic cause damage to the ocean, but it can also damage groundwater sources. Many regions are already facing issues with, but water sources everywhere are in danger because of plastic pollution. Plastic toxins in dumps and from litter can seep into the groundwater, which people drink every day. On land, wind can carry plastic waste or litter throughout the environment. Prabhash Kumar "Impact of Plastic on the Environment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9421.pdf

  51. Land degradation and poverty

    Land is one of the few productive assets owned by the rural poor, and almost all households engage in some form of agriculture. Over 2000-2010 the rural poor on degrading agricultural land increased in low-income countries, and in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although degradation threatens the livelihoods of the poor, this interaction is complex and conditioned by key economic, social and environmental factors. These factors also limit the poverty-reducing impacts of economic growth and economy-wide reforms. A comprehensive development strategy requires investments that improve the livelihoods of affected populations and regions and facilitate outmigration in severely impacted areas.

  52. The Effects of Land Alienation on the Livelihood of Scheduled Tribes in Kerala

    An agricultural economy relies largely on the predominance of land. The socio economic status of the population is often determined by the amount of land possessed. In the light of the above scenario, the Scheduled Tribes are the most deprived community in terms of possession of land. The majority Scheduled Tribes of Kerala depends on agriculture 71.98 . Out of these, the majority suffers from land alienation and as a result they are forced to work as casual labourers. The Dhebar Committee also opined that the main cause of poverty among ST families all over India is landlessness or land alienation . Land alienation resulted in loss of agricultural labour and created a new class of wage labourers. It also resulted in a process of transformation from a self reliant to a highly dependent tribal economy.This paper tries to examine the effects of land alienation, arising from low agricultural activities leading to unemployment, low income, higher indebtedness, poverty and the malignant fact of social exclusion. This analysis is based on the available secondary sources. Aparna P "The Effects of Land Alienation on the Livelihood of Scheduled Tribes in Kerala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12856.pdf

  53. A place-based approach to payments for ecosystem services

    A place-based approach to payments for ecosystem services (PES) is where "multiple ecosystem services [benefits from nature] delivered in the same landscape in a voluntary transaction between buyers and sellers of services, as part of a scheme that is developed and governed by partnerships of relevant stakeholders who hold shared values for the landscape." This paper shows how this approach was developed and applied in the development of a PES scheme for UK peatlands.

  54. The Challenges (or Troubles) with Sustainability - HILMI S. SALEM

    ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the ecological footprints as an indicator. The methodology for the ecology footprint is extended based on many factors with respect to sustainability. The paper will contribute to a broadening of the understanding of the spatial and temporal aspects of urban landuse policies, processes, and practices and their relationship to sustainable development. Theoretically guided, quantitatively oriented, and empirically established research is needed to develop models to understand sustainability as related to the environment and natural resources’ reservation. The intuitive appeal of the footprint is another asset, leading to its adoption for many projects. For applications of the footprint to sustainable scale issues, it would be wise to keep in mind that this measure likely provides an underestimate of ecological impact. Future studies should consider the problem-oriented and application-oriented focus with respect to sustainability. Those studies should complement deep and state-of-the-art conceptual and empirical analysis, and discuss the practical consequences of their findings, as well as ways to translate them into policy measures. Keywords: Land-use; Global Change; Land-use and Economic/Social/Environmental Sustainability; Sustainable Land-use Policies. FOR CITATION: Yihdego, Y., and Salem, H.S. (2017). The challenges of sustainability: Perspective of ecology. Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering (Special Issue on Economics), 5(4-December): 341–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7569/JSEE.2017.629519 and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322522453_The_Challenges_of_Sustainability_Perspective_of_Ecology and http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/scrivener/jsee/2017/00000005/00000004/art00006 and https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/josee.2017.5.issue-4/jsee.2017.629519/jsee.2017.629519.pdf https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/josee.2017.5.issue-4/jsee.2017.629519/jsee.2017.629519.xml

  55. Evolution of Remote Sensing and Graphical Information System Using CPU-GPU Platform

    The Earths land use, land cover, land forms, spatial and geographical characteristics are crucial variables in global change. The impact of human activities on the earth has resulted greatly to climate change calls for a comparative study and mapping of the land in order to assess the condition of the land in the past comparing with the current state of the land in order to regulate the anthropogenic factors for sustainable development. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Services allow the engineer to continuously monitor any change any intended plans to secure their success or rectification to meet the requirements. GIS technology has a major impact on the safety and quality of our daily lives. City planners and businesses use GIS applications to combine physical mapping information with demographic data such as population, street layout and local resources. As users push the boundaries of GIS applications, datasets are growing increasingly complex, often involving many gigabytes of interactive maps showing vectors, surface layers and images. As the amount of data and the complexity of the processing rise, the demand for processing power in GIS applications is increasing. The processing speed is a critical aspect to enable a productive interaction between the human operator and the machine in order to achieve ever more complex tasks satisfactorily. Graphic processing units GPU are good candidates to speed up some tasks. With the recent developments, programming these devices became very simple. In this paper, we introduce the method how complexity of RS and GIS can be reduced by implementing parallel architecture of GPU. Suman Goyat | Dr A K Sahoo "Evolution of Remote Sensing and Graphical Information System Using CPU-GPU Platform" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18731.pdf

  56. Comparison of Land use Practices and Their Limitations in Five Agrarian Communities in Southeastern Nigeria

    A survey of land use practices was conducted in five agrarian communities in eastern Nigeria to obtained current dominant land uses in area and identify the farmer constraints the farmers face in order to proffer solutions so that the farmers can improve on their income and livelihood. Male farmers dominate the farming population with 52 against female farmers. Crop farming is the dominant land use type in all the five locations. Major crops grown are rice, yam, cassava, maize, pigeon pea and okra with rice ranking first in importance in all the locations except at Anaku where it was ranked second to yam probably due to the predominating traditional religious worshiping observed in the area. All farmers are classified as smallholders as the average farm holding was 6 ha. Other general land uses include residential housing, schools ,churches, markets, roads, mills etc Flooding of farms and farm road erosion are major land limitations because during the rains poor drainage characterize more the 95 of the areas and most farms are submerged. Input constraints include lack of mechanization equipment and agrochemicals including mineral fertilizers. Use of high mounds and raised beds and ridges up to 100 cm were recommended to control the flood where other arable crops other than rice are grown. Government intervention on input provision is apt to help the farmers boost their production. Asadu, C. L. A. | Onyeme, E. | A. N. Asadu "Comparison of Land use Practices and Their Limitations in Five Agrarian Communities in Southeastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21552.pdf

  57. Land Information System LIS for Proper Residential Layout Management Case Study of Tudun Wada Residential Layout, Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria

    Land Information System LIS can provide us a better and more efficient system for land management. This was used to develop an efficient system for the management of Tudun wada residential layout plan in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria. The study used Tudun wada residential layout plan obtained from Yobe state ministry of Land survey and town planning zonal office Potiskum. The layout plan was scanned and geo referenced to UTM 32 projection in a GIS environment and using the four procedures of reality, conceptual design, logical design and physical design. Using Arc GIS 9.2, the study was able to achieve the efficient and effective management of the land of the study area with the ability to identify the layout parcels, it was designed for data generation to provide a database that will enhance data collection, storage, manipulation, retrieval and dissemination of information precisely at short time and eventually been able to query the database. Ibrahim Abubakar Audu | Hassan Audu Ahmed "Land Information System (LIS) for Proper Residential Layout Management (Case Study of Tudun Wada Residential Layout, Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8387.pdf

  58. Institutional Rural Land Dispute Management Strategies: Lessons from Buhera District, Zimbabwe

    The research sought to assess the effectiveness of institutional rural land dispute management strategies. The research was carried in the form of a case study, in which a sample of 40 participants from a population of 123 was used. Purposive and simple random sampling procedures were employed in selecting elements from a population of 123. Questionnaires and interviews were used in triangulation to collect data on the sample. After analyzing the collected data, the researcher observed that non consensual strategies are effective in resolving rural land disputes in Zimbabwe. The research also revealed that Traditional leaders are key actors in rural land dispute resolution. The study recommended that all conflicting parties be involved in resolving rural land disputes. Guta Gerald | Chinyama Roseline "Institutional Rural Land Dispute Management Strategies: Lessons from Buhera District, Zimbabwe" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18987.pdf

  59. Change in Food Habits of Urban People and its Impact on Dry Land Farming of Surrounding Rural Areas

    Urban areas influences the surrounding areas greatly in all aspects liketheir living pattern, economic pattern and their rural morphology. The urban food habits willhave impact on the rural cultivation pattern. The dry land farming areas surrounding urbancentre will have the mutual relationship with the urban region. The dry land farming patterngreatly influenced by the changing food habits in urban region. The dry land farming isnecessarily important for the sustainable growth of urban. The respected governments andorganizations should be way forward for dry land farming with change in food habits of urban people. Vallupu Pradeep "Change in Food Habits of Urban People and its Impact on Dry Land Farming of Surrounding Rural Areas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5772.pdf

  60. Problems of Agriculture in Doda District

    Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities practiced in the country as well as in Jammu And Kashmir State since time immemorial. It's simply means rearing of plants and animals. It is also considered as a backbone of the economy. The state is also an agricultural state where most of the people are directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. It contributes nearly 60 of the state revenue which satisfactorily explains the over dependence of the state on agriculture. About 92 of the geographical area of the state consists of high mountains and only 5 of land is available for cultivation. Over 27 of the total area of the state is under forests. Permanent pastures cover 5.16 of the area, 14 of land is non agricultural and a slight more 9 is barren land. "The state has been declared as agriculture export zone for apples and walnut. Doda district constitutes as one of the agricultural based region of the state. As compared to other districts Doda has some unique geographical characteristics which make it different from rest of the state. It has very rugged and mountainous terrain and uneven topography. The area can also be called as the land of lofty mountains, deep gorges, valleys and meadows, showing great variation in elevation. The district includes Greater Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya and Pir Panjal ranges which are interwoven by numerous small forested hills leaving a limited space for cultivation. Except for Chenab and small river valleys, the topography of the district is mountainous and forested and many areas are covered with snow during winter season. The district includes a few plain and low level areas with a minimum height of 740 meters. Instead of all these obstacles the practice of agriculture are still carried out and is relevant theme for discussion. Mukhtyar Ahmed "Problems of Agriculture in Doda District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19103.pdf

  61. Environmental Determinants of Agricultural Output Among Members of Farmers Multipurpose Cooperative Societies in Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State

    This study examines environmental determinants of agricultural output among members of Farmers Multipurpose Cooperative Societies in Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State. Specifically, attempted to examine the farmers' output levels, determine which of the environmental factors affects agricultural production and the nature of relationship between environmental factors and agricultural output in the study area using descriptive statistics and regression model of the ordinary least square. Findings of the study revealed that with the exception of flooding and limited farm land which was not significant, urbanization, pollution, erosion, land tenure system, rainfall, temperature, fire and grazers are significant determinants of agricultural output in the study area. There is significant relationship between environmental factors and agricultural output in Ogbaru Local Government Area. Urbanization, pollution, erosion, flooding, limited farm land, rainfall, fire and grazers have negative relationship with agricultural output while Land tenure system and temperature have positive relationships. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that Large scale production of production of agriculture should encourage in the area by the government through adequate funding ensuring sustainability. The government through the ministry of environment and Ministry of agriculture implement policies that will protect farmers insurance schemes from environmental hazards and also promote agricultural production in the area for increased output. The government through the ministry of environment and Ministry of agriculture should engender and implement policies that will regulate these environmental factors that significantly influence agricultural production in the area for a positive impact. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka "Environmental Determinants of Agricultural Output Among Members of Farmers Multipurpose Cooperative Societies in Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14226.pdf

  62. Intergrated Training Model of Business Skills for Kawedegan Farmers, Nganjuk-East Java Indonesia

    This research is motivated by the living conditions of smallholder forestry land in Kawedegan, Balonggebang, Gondang District, Nganjuk East Java that besides the level of education is low, and also they do not have a fixed income. Perhutani land peasant farming sweet potatoes and crops. The objective of this study is to find out a model of skills training in an integrated effort as empowering farming communities in developing entrepreneurship skills. The approach used in the study is an action research. Research model of integrated business skills training for farmers as community empowerment are implemented through two forms of activity in two years. In the first year, the researchers conducted a qualitative exploration, and in the second year it will be proceed by doing experimental design. This paper focuses on the discussion of exploratory study with exploring and collecting information about the needs of development, specifically in the context of economic development in dusun kawedegan which are still dominated by the agricultural sector. Villagers in Kawedegan hope that the function and role of microfinance institutions is a venture capital provider. One of the outputs of this activity is the formation of Microfinance Institutions MFIs to enhance access to finance for smallholder land PERHUTANI. Smallholder land PERHUTANI seeks funding support to start developing a business independently. On 1 September 2013, MFIs in the form of a credit union CU was established in Kawedegan, Balonggebang Village, Gondang District, Nganjuk East Java. Credit union is one of the methodologies to create effective economic empowerment of the people as well as to establish trust and mobilize the grassroots base to support rural development programme. Lena Ellitan | Teodora Winda Mulia | Lodovicus Lasdi "Intergrated Training Model of Business Skills for Kawedegan Farmers, Nganjuk-East Java Indonesia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9445.pdf

  63. IOT a Dynamic Approach for Smart System Monitoring on Soil

    The cultivation in our nation is much reduced due to lack of interest, scarcity of agriculture land and water and some farmers with their own interest they have been doing the cultivation at the present. But that also yields to very less production due to lack of awareness about the land dryness, no timely pesticide usage and suitable crops for the land. Hence the smart agriculture plays a vital role in promoting cultivation. It gives the solution by means of placing the sensor in the cultivation land to measure the soil efficiency. The paper describes how the sensed data will be processed and stored in cloud and from cloud the data will be relayed to the registered farm owners through their device in user understandable form. Abid Fareed | Abita Devi "IOT a Dynamic Approach for Smart System Monitoring on Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18359.pdf

  64. Assessment of the environmental impacts of conflict-driven Internally Displaced Persons

    This study examines the environmental impacts of conflict-driven Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) on land use and land cover changes in the Kas locality of Darfur, Sudan. The article explores how conflict-induced displacement impact land use and land cover, using Sentinel-2 satellite images, the study further analyses changes from 2016 to 2022, employing differents machine learning classifiers like Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) for image classification.

  65. Land and Flying Robot

    We are introducing a robot which has the capabilities of being maneuvered on land, flying and videographer. The robot can be controlled on land like a simple robot car by simple connecting to any android application using Bluetooth. The flight mode works using radio transmission for commanding the robot where the robot has a radio receiver attached to its body while the radio transmitter in the form of a remote is held by the user. The camera will provide the live footage as well as recorded everything on the camera application. 2 separate controllers have been used, a KK2.1.5 Flight controller for the flying capability of the robot and Adriano nano for the car section. Vaibhav Salonia | Piyush | Preeti Arora "Land and Flying Robot" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23754.pdf

  66. A Simple Guide for Describing Biodiversity in Farming Areas

    In recent years, human activities have significantly changed how land is used, which has posed challenges for maintaining and restoring the environment. One important approach to addressing this issue is through agriculture that considers local biodiversity. Recognizing this, the European Union (EU) developed a biodiversity strategy from 2011 to 2020 to promote sustainable practices. Alongside this strategy, farming methods that focus on biodiversity have been shown to improve the health and services of ecosystems. This paper introduces a framework to help farmers use biodiversity information to improve their farming practices, especially in medium and small farms. Here’s a breakdown of the key ideas: (a) Human Impact on Land: Human activities have changed land use, affecting the environment. This is a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. (b) EU Biodiversity Strategy: The EU has a strategy to promote biodiversity from 2011 to 2020, encouraging practices that support the environment. (c) Biodiversity-Based Farming: Farming methods that consider biodiversity have proven to enhance ecosystem services, making the environment healthier and more sustainable. (d) Context-Aware Biodiversity Descriptors: The paper introduces "context-aware biodiversity descriptors," which are pieces of information that help farmers understand and utilize local biodiversity in their farming practices. These descriptors take into account the specific conditions and characteristics of each farm. (e) MyPoC Service: The research connects these biodiversity descriptors to a tool called MyPoC (My Precision Agriculture Service). This tool helps farmers by capturing observations about their land and using this data for precision agriculture, which is farming that uses detailed information to manage crops and soil more effectively. (f) Warncons Model: The descriptors are integrated into a model called "warncons," which is part of the MyPoC service. This model helps capture and use local biodiversity information to improve farming practices. (g) Future Directions: The paper also discusses potential future developments and improvements in using biodiversity information for agriculture.

  67. The Development of a new virtual croplands erosion measurement system.

    Instrument of three-dimensional measurement to extract the information from the soil depth. The study of soil erosion, which is a key process to understand the land degradation. This is because soil erosion is relevant to understand the role of soil in the earth system to fight against land degradation and achieve the neutrality of extreme environment.

  68. Evaluation of the Sustainable Development Goal 15.3.1 Indicator of Land Degradation in the European Union

    Land degradation assessment between 2000-2018 using the UNCCD SDG 15.3.1 indicator of land degraded. Continued efforts are needed to quantify specific associations between land degradation and the availability of ecosystem services. Future work should include spatially-explicit and supervised models which can link ecosystem-based information with comprehensive landscape models. The limitations of the assessed potential LD in the context of agricultural lands serves as valuable input for discussions on a consensus on EU-wide definitions of the potential LD baseline and standards on how to assess future changes

  69. Ecological restoration of dryland zones in New Zealand.

    Biotic factors such as the presence of invasive animal and/or plant species are well known as major causes of ecological degradation and also as limiting either natural or assisted (human-induced) ecological restoration. However, abiotic aspects of the landscape, such as water availability and soil physical/chemical conditions can also potentially limit restoration and should be considered. Dryland ecosystems are amongst the world’s most threatened and least protected. New Zealand’s drylands have been drastically changed, initially through burning, agricultural and grazing practices and the impacts of introduced herbivores and plants. This research aimed at identifying some of the key environmental factors preventing the reestablishment native woody species in a New Zealand dryland ecosystem. The experiments involved a combination of shading, irrigation and grazing exclusion. The results showed that supplemental water was not beneficial for the survival and growth of the native seedlings, unless combined with shade. Fencing proved important for establishment, even though the species used are regarded in the literature as unpalatable to herbivores. The results indicated that the presence of shade was fundamental for the establishment and growth of the native seedlings likely due to improvements in the microclimate, soil aeration, and water availability to seedlings.

  70. Article 370

    Article 370 deals exclusively with Jammu and Kashmir State that came under the administrative control of the Government of India after the country's 15 month war that Pakistan started in 1947 to seize sovereignty and is arguably the most controversial provision of the Constitution of India. x The origin of Article 370 can be traced back to British Raj in India. Prior to the partition of 1947, India was divided in two different sets of geographical regions provinces which constituted 60 of the land area of the sub continent known as British India and princely states which constituted the rest 40 of British India. x The 562 such princely states were ruled by the Princes, Maharajas, Nawabs, Rajas and so on and ranged in size and population. They contributed 100 million of the subcontinent's total population of 400 million inhabitants at the time of independence. British looked after the defence, foreign policy and communications of these states. But the states were not directly ruled by the British and were allowed governance in internal matters such as law and order, civil liberties, health, education and economic development in return for which they each acknowledged British 'paramountcy' through individual treaties, The British gave an Indian State and its ruler protection against neighbors and usurpers by stationing company troops in its capital under the control of a British Resident. x Their citizens were not British subjects, like the other Indians, but 'British protected persons'. The troops were, of course, very much a two wedged weapon while they were protecting the prince, they were also keeping him in check, a privilege for which he was expected to pay. The case of Jammu and Kashmir was very telling in this context. 3 x The British transferred the State forever to Maharaja Gulab Singh under Treaty of Amritsar, for 75 lakhs in 1846, and fixed a nominal annual payment to protect his territories from external enemies. X In February, 1947, Government announced that independence would be given to British India, the plan was to create two independent dominions of India and Pakistan based on the Hindu and Muslim majority areas of the various provinces that constituted British India. The policy was announced by the British Government's with regard to Indian states. Political arrangements between the States on the one side and the British Crown and British India on the other were to be brought to an end under that policy. The rights surrendered by the States would revert to the States when the partition of India and Pakistan were created. The communal basis of division of British India would not affect the States at all thus, with the withdrawal of power, the princely States would become 'independent'. Neither the British Government nor the cabinet mission made any suggestion regarding the future of the princely States except that they would become legally independent. The prospect of all 562 Indian States exercising their independence came under chaos over the dominions of India and Pakistan since both competed to absorb these states. V. P. Menon proposed that the princely rulers should be persuaded to hand over just three functions of their States to the central government of India defence, external relations and communications, the same functions which had been always exercised by the British government. x There was an agreement between JandK with Pakistan and India that both will not attack JandK. While India kept its word and refrained from attacking, JandK chose to remain independent when India and Pakistan gained their independence on 15th and 14th August 1947, respectively. In spring, internal revolt begins in the Poonch region against oppressive taxation under the recently imposed direct rule by the Maharaja In August, Maharaja's forces fire upon demonstrations in favour of Kashmir joining Pakistan, burn whole villages and massacre innocent people The people of Poonch evacuate their families and at least 60,000 refugees fleeing to Jammu by 13 September. The rebellion spreads to adjacent Mirpur and Muzaffarabad. The Poonch rebels declare an independent government of "Azad Kashmir on 24 October Pakistan attacked Kashmir on 6th October 1947 by "Azad Kashmir Forces supported by Pakistan. To save JandK, the then ruler of JandK Maharaja Hari Singh chose to accede JandK to India. 1947 The Maharaja of the State of Jammu and Kashmir signs the Instrument of Accession IOA on 26 October, acceding the 75 majority Muslim region to the Indian Union, following invasion by the tribesmen from Pakistan, according to the 1948 Indian White Paper India accepts the accession, regarding it provisional until such time as the will of the people can be ascertained by a plebiscite, since Kashmir was recognized as a disputed territory. The instrument of accession was signed by the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir whereby only Defence, Communications and External Affairs were surrendered by the State to the Dominion of India. In October 1947, the then prime minister of India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru made certain commitments and in consideration of those the accession was made by the ruler in favors of India. Article 370 was then incorporated in the Constitution in the pursuance of those commitments. Article 370 gave JandK a greater measure of autonomy as compared to other states and the power of the Union of India is restricted in the state. The Indian Parliament would need the state governments concurrence for applying all other laws. 1947 1952 Sheikh Abdullah drifts from a position of endorsing accession to India in 1947 to insisting on the self determination of Kashmiris in 1952. In July 1952, he signs Delhi Agreement with the Central government on Centre State relationships, providing for autonomy of the State within India and of regions within the State Article 370 is confirmed and the State is allowed to have its own flag. The domination of Kashmir Valley which has a 95 Muslim majority and accounts for more than 50 of the total population of Indian JandK and Abdullah's land reforms create discontent in Jammu and Ladakh An agitation is launched in the Hindu majority Jammu region against the Delhi Agreement and in favour of full accession with the Indian Union the movement is withdrawn later, due to pressure from the Center Secessionist sentiments in the Valley and communalism in Jammu feed each other. Asim Jaiswal "Article 370" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17026.pdf

  71. Comparitive Study Between Great Dipression and Financial Crises

    The decades going before the Great Depression and the U.S. subprime financial crises have close similarities. The two decades were described by fast development without significant withdrawals, by an expansion in liquidity, an absence of swelling, and a summed up diminish in hazard premiums. Extra likenesses included noteworthy changes in the financing of land by business banks alongside a solidification of the saving money segment and high expectations that the effectiveness of fiscal strategy would anticipate monetary emergencies. These decades were likewise described by the union of the forces of youthful national banks the Federal Reserve System in the 1920s and the European Central Bank in the 2000s , by unsuccessful endeavors to control showcase hypothesis, by their global measurements, and by the ejection of emergencies after the disappointment of a noteworthy American money related foundation that could have been dodged. Understanding these analogies enable us to better distinguish the reasons for the subprime contract emergency and keep history from rehashing itself to the degree of such substantial scale obliterating results. The unfriendly occurrence of the money related market emergency and the investigation of the general effect of these antagonistic occasions spoke to and still speak to a subject of enthusiasm for scientists in financial matters, humanism, history, and the sciences. Dissecting emergency, especially monetary emergency, the elements creating and applying examples to come back to ordinary is a predictable and auspicious worry of analysts in financial aspects. After development in mid 2007, which we will call the Great Recession, because of the impacts felt by the world economy, similar to the case with the Great Depression of 1930 1933, an intriguing methodology is to stand up to these two negative scenes. The investigation uncovers striking parallels between the Great Depression and the Great Financial Crisis. Causal factors in the two emergencies were a defective plan of the saving money framework unit managing an account, too enormous to come up short , a land blast and high obligation weights of the two families and monetary foundations, and in addition articulated financial disparity. Measures taken amid every one of the emergencies varied notably, in any case. Though the political way to deal with the Great Depression was for quite some time portrayed by inaction, the reaction amid the ongoing emergency turned out to be quick and forceful, which kept a rehash of the Great Depression by lessening the prompt unfavorable consequences for the economy. Be that as it may, solid confirmation exists that the reaction may just have conceded the change procedure started by the emergency of 2007 2009. This paper presents exact perceptions supporting the view that the auxiliary issues which prompted 2007 2009 are as yet existent today and keep on threatening monetary dependability. Krishnakant Prajapati "Comparitive Study Between Great Dipression and Financial Crises" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17094.pdf

  72. Correlation Analysis of Characteristics of Farmers with Their Extent of Adoption of Eco-Friendly Agricultural Practices

    The study was conducted in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu state in South India. Tirunelveli district is predominantly an agricultural district with more than 70 per cent of the population directly or indirectly associated with agriculture. Tirunelveli district is having all the four different types of cropping systems, considered for the study, viz., wetland, garden land, and dry land systems as well as high elevation cropping system in considerable proportion as compared to other districts of the state. The data were collected by interviewing the respondents personally with the help of Pre tested and well structured interview schedule. The data were processed, coded and tabulated. Statistical analysis like percentage analysis, cumulative frequency distribution and zero order correlation coefficient were used for analyzing and interpreting the data. The correlation analysis on the characteristics of the farmers revealed that out of fourteen independent variables studied, five variables namely educational status X2 , farming experience X5 , cosmopolites X8 , information sharing behaviour X11 and attitude towards eco friendly practices X14 had shown positive and significant association with the extent of adoption of eco friendly agricultural practices at 0.01 per cent level probability, while the variables viz., livestock possession X10 and extension agency contact X9 , mass media exposure X10 , self confidence X13 had shown positive and significant association with the adoption of eco friendly agricultural practices at 0.05 per cent level probability. V. Kalirajan | K. Kanagasabapathi "Correlation Analysis of Characteristics of Farmers with Their Extent of Adoption of Eco-Friendly Agricultural Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19181.pdf

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