What is it about?

This is a systems approach to understanding biological relations in nature emphasising indirect effects.

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Why is it important?

Understanding ecosystems is vitally important in the context of the disappearance of so many species. Mathematical models will play an increasing role in understanding how such systems work.

Perspectives

For me it is important as a contribution to our understanding of ecology and also the article tries to be consistent from an epistemological point of view. It has been a pleasure to work with my co-authors.

Dr Hugh Gash
Dublin City University

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This page is a summary of: Indirect Effects, Biotic Inferential Interactions and Time Functions in H-Semiotic Systems: Ecosystems Case, Mathematics, March 2019, MDPI AG,
DOI: 10.3390/math7040323.
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