Multilevel Modeling Food Insecurity: Pakistan's Household Factors

What is it about?

This paper assesses the prevalence of food insecurity in Pakistan using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and identifies risk factors and determinants at the household level. The study uses a multi-level random coefficient model with data from 4,130 households in Pakistan. The findings show that income, household size, and education level of the household head are important determinants of food insecurity, with increasing income and education reducing food insecurity. The study also finds a significant variation of food insecurity across districts and communities. The fixed effect model is preferred over the random slope model, confirming the clustering of households within communities and districts. The study concludes that food insecurity is a pressing issue in Pakistan, affecting nearly 60% of households, and highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the underlying factors contributing to food insecurity.

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Why is it important?

This research is crucial because it helps to understand the extent of food insecurity in Pakistan and identifies the factors contributing to it. By analyzing the determinants of food insecurity at the household level, policymakers and organizations can develop targeted interventions and strategies to alleviate food insecurity and improve the overall well-being of the population in Pakistan. Key Takeaways: 1. Food insecurity affects 37% of Pakistan's population, with 43% of households being food insecure. 2. The study identifies factors such as income, education, gender, household size, assets, shocks, injuries, and inflation as important determinants of food insecurity. 3. The study reveals significant heterogeneity in determinants of food insecurity across districts, communities, and households. 4. Household income, household head gender and education level, household size, and household assets are important determinants of food insecurity in Pakistan. 5. The study shows that female household heads are more likely to experience food insecurity, and household size increases the chance of food insecurity.