European consumers perception of the effect of water hardness on the household laundry quality

What is it about?

Water quality and more specifically water hardness is a key factor for the successful outcome of the laundry washing process. The publication examines the perceptions of consumers in five European countries regarding the effect that the water hardness has on the final washing quality.

Featured Image

Why is it important?

Our research is important because it is the first time that the effect of the water hardness is examined from the consumers point of view in Europe. The research covers a variety of consumers' sociodemographic backgrounds and geographical regions. Our results show that there is plenty of room for consumer education in order to optimise the result of laundry washing.

Perspectives