How Fairness Drives Change: The Roles of Conflict and Social Interaction

What is it about?

This study investigates how fair treatment at work shapes employees’ commitment to organizational change, particularly during major restructuring. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, it examines the mediating role of relational conflict—the tension and strain between coworkers—as well as the moderating role of social interaction, or the degree to which employees engage and communicate with one another. The research explores how these mechanisms together explain why and when interpersonal justice promotes stronger commitment to change. Using data from employees affected by a major restructuring in a European organization, the study shows that perceptions of interpersonal justice—being treated with respect and fairness—boost commitment to change by reducing relational conflict. Fair treatment eases tensions, helping employees stay supportive of change. Moreover, frequent social interaction strengthens these effects, amplifying the positive impact of fairness on reducing conflict and the link between low conflict and commitment to change. For managers and change leaders, the findings highlight that both fairness and social connection matter for successful change implementation. Treating employees with dignity reduces conflict and preserves emotional resources, while fostering open and frequent interaction magnifies these effects. Encouraging collaboration and communication thus helps transform fairness perceptions into sustained commitment and engagement during organizational transitions.

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Photo by EmbedSocial on Unsplash

Photo by EmbedSocial on Unsplash

Why is it important?

This study deepens understanding of how interpersonal justice influences employees’ responses to change by identifying relational conflict as a key explanatory mechanism and social interaction as an important boundary condition. It demonstrates that fairness not only reduces interpersonal strain but also works most effectively in contexts where employees communicate and connect regularly. As organizations continue to undergo major transformations, these insights stress that promoting fairness and nurturing social ties are essential for maintaining employee commitment. Fair and connected workplaces are better equipped to navigate change with cohesion, trust, and resilience.