What is it about?
S-parameters are commonly used for the black-box description of microwave networks when the latter are linear. The poly-harmonic distortion model (aka X-parameters*) is a natural nonlinear extension of S-parameters. But X-parameters haven't been used in a naturally extended way. Why? *"X-Parameters" is a registered trademark of Keysight Technologies, Inc.
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Why is it important?
Formulation of microwave measurements, for example, typically starts from drawing a signal flow graph of the setup in terms of S-parameters and deriving equations from it. But we didn't know how to draw signal flow graphs when nonlinear components are involved, even when we can measure the X-parameters of those components. But finally, this paper shows how to draw signal flow graphs in terms of X-parameters. Once such a graph is drawn, microwave engineers know the rest of the job.
Perspectives
Signal flow graphs lucidly visualize the workings of microwave networks and offer insights. Engineers can now apply signal flow graphs to nonlinear networks and develop new measurement and/or design techniques.
Prof Shuhei Amakawa
Hiroshima University
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Signal-Flow-Graph Analysis of Weakly Nonlinear Microwave Circuits Around a Large-Signal Operating Point, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, September 2023, Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE),
DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2023.3248152.
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