Linking technology readiness and the job demands–resources framework: how generative AI shapes work in small and medium enterprises?

What is it about?

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly used in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). While these tools can improve efficiency and support daily tasks, they can also create extra pressure, including the need to learn new skills and carefully check AI-generated outputs. This study examines why employees experience GenAI as either helpful or demanding. We find that employees’ attitudes toward technology make a difference. Those who feel optimistic about technology are more likely to see GenAI as a useful resource that boosts their motivation. In contrast, employees who feel insecure, uncomfortable, or highly experimental with technology are more likely to experience GenAI as adding extra demands. These perceptions affect performance. When GenAI is viewed as a resource, employees feel more engaged and perform better. When it is seen as a demand, it increases exhaustion and indirectly reduces performance. The effects are stronger in smaller firms.

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