Opportunities to learn about Europe at school. A comparative analysis among adolescents in the EU

What is it about?

We investigate the relationship between different learning methods and the formation of European identity among adolescents in 21 EU member states. The impact of both cognitive learning (i.e. the transfer of knowledge about Europe) and social learning (i.e. opportunities for interactions with citizens from other EU member states) on the formation of European identity is tested.

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Why is it important?

Offering opportunities for cognitive learning is more strongly related to European identity than social learning opportunities. An interaction effect between cognitive and social learning strategies, however, suggests that jointly offering both learning strategies is the most effective tool for the formation of a European identity. The multilevel analysis reveals the impact of a more Eurosceptic climate on the country–level, suggesting that living in a Eurosceptic member state is related to a we