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A study using long-term measurements of Δ¹⁷O in sulfate aerosols, combined with machine learning methods and air quality modeling, reveals a previously underappreciated feedback in East Asia whereby a decrease in atmospheric acidity accompanying SO2 emission reductions and insufficient mitigation of NH3 emissions in China have enhanced ozone-driven formation pathway and oxidation efficiency of sulfate; this mechanism helps explain the slower decline of sulfate aerosol levels in East Asia compared to North America and Europe, highlighting the critical need to control both SO₂ and NH₃ emissions to mitigate sulfate aerosol.

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This page is a summary of: China’s SO 2 emission reductions enhance atmospheric ozone–driven sulfate aerosol production in East Asia, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2025, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2414064122.
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