What is it about?
This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of organic citrus farming among farmers in Dau, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The research aims to understand why some farmers fully embrace organic practices while others partially adopt, postpone, or reject them. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, the study evaluates key determinants, including farmers' knowledge, perceptions of organic farming benefits, government support, and social pressure from traders and neighboring farmers. The findings reveal that government support is the most critical factor in motivating farmers to transition to organic farming, particularly through demonstration farms (demfarm) that provide practical experience. Farmers also perceive market opportunities, production benefits, and health advantages as motivators. However, social pressure, especially from traders who prioritize conventional citrus, can negatively affect farmers' willingness to adopt organic methods if not supported by knowledge and ease of implementation. The study highlights the need for better extension services, policy incentives, and increased farmer awareness to support the sustainability of organic citrus farming. Further research is recommended to include a broader farmer base and deeper insights into behavioral influences on organic farming adoption
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Why is it important?
This research is important because it provides critical insights into the adoption of organic citrus farming, a practice that supports sustainability, environmental conservation, and consumer health. With the increasing global demand for organic produce, understanding the factors that influence farmers' decisions to transition to organic cultivation is essential for policymakers, agricultural organizations, and supply chain stakeholders. One of the most significant findings is that government support—particularly through demonstration farms (demfarm) and agricultural extension services—plays a crucial role in encouraging farmers to adopt organic practices. Without proper guidance and financial incentives, farmers may struggle with the transition due to challenges like high production costs, limited knowledge, and pressure from conventional markets. Additionally, this study sheds light on the social and economic barriers that hinder organic farming adoption. While some farmers recognize the benefits of organic cultivation, such as improved soil fertility, reduced pesticide use, and better long-term productivity, others face constraints from market demands, trader preferences, and existing farming practices that favor conventional methods. By identifying these key barriers and drivers, this research helps bridge the gap between policy, farmer behavior, and market dynamics. The findings can guide future agricultural policies, funding programs, and educational initiatives to make organic citrus farming more accessible, practical, and profitable for farmers in Dau, Malang, and beyond. Ultimately, fostering organic agriculture contributes to sustainable food production, environmental health, and economic resilience for farming communities
Perspectives
This research is highly relevant and impactful, as it highlights the real challenges and opportunities in transitioning to organic citrus farming. While organic agriculture is often promoted for its environmental and health benefits, the reality on the ground is more complex—farmers need clear incentives, practical knowledge, and market support to make the shift sustainable. One of the key takeaways is the role of government intervention in facilitating this transition. The study’s findings suggest that farmers are more likely to adopt organic methods when they have access to demonstration farms (demfarm), financial incentives, and well-trained extension workers. This underscores the need for policy-driven initiatives that go beyond just advocating for organic farming, instead offering hands-on training and market linkages to ensure profitability. However, the study also reveals a significant social pressure factor, particularly from traders who influence farmers' decisions. Many farmers may hesitate to transition if they perceive a lack of market acceptance or if conventional buyers discourage organic practices. This suggests that organic certification programs and marketing strategies need to be strengthened to build farmer confidence and consumer demand. Looking ahead, I believe further research should explore long-term economic comparisons between organic and conventional citrus farming. Understanding the financial viability of organic farming over multiple growing seasons could provide stronger evidence for its adoption. Additionally, integrating technology-based solutions, such as precision agriculture and organic input innovations, could help overcome productivity challenges that farmers associate with organic farming. Overall, this study is a valuable contribution to sustainable agriculture, providing actionable insights for farmers, policymakers, and agribusiness stakeholders. By addressing both the economic and behavioral aspects of organic farming adoption, it lays a solid foundation for future agricultural strategies that balance profitability, environmental conservation, and food security
Zainuri Hanif
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Factors affecting citrus organic farming implementation among farmers in Dau, Malang, East Java, January 2024, American Institute of Physics,
DOI: 10.1063/5.0183992.
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