What is it about?
Sunspots are active regions with strong magnetic fields on the solar surface and appear dark in white-light images because of their low temperature compared to their surroundings. Since all solar activity is controlled by the magnetic field, thus sunspot can be represented as the solar cycle which can be illustrated by butterfly diagram. We estimated the slope of butterfly diagram that indicates the sunspot drift velocity. Cycle 22 has the biggest slope compared to cycle 23 and cycle 24. These have the same results at the maximum phase of the cycle, cycle 22 has the biggest slope. The slope get bigger in cycle which had higher sunspot number which means slowing meridional flow. Our results are consistent with the preceding studies that the existence of sunspots intrude the meridional flows.
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Why is it important?
we use our daily observation to analyze the solar dynamics
Perspectives
We extend our sincere gratitude to the observers of BPAA Pasuruan, whose consistent efforts have provided with invaluable sunspot sketch drawings and ASCII data since 1987.
Siska Filawati
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
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This page is a summary of: The meridional flow on solar cycles 22 to 24 from BPAA Pasuruan data, January 2023, American Institute of Physics,
DOI: 10.1063/5.0181529.
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