Simulation and parameterization of longitudinal development in extensive air showers for different hadronic interaction models

What is it about?

Different hadronic interaction models such as (SIBYLL, EPOS, and QGSJET) were simulated using air showers simulation AIRES program (version 19.04.00). Also, the charged particle density of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) was calculated by estimating the lateral distribution function (LDF). Moreover, the LDF simulation of the two primary particles (iron nuclei and proton) was performed, taking into account their primary energies effect as well the zenith angle for charged particles that produced in the EAS, within the energy range (1017-1019) eV. At extremely high energies (1017, 1018, and 1019) eV, new parameters as a function of the primary energy were obtained by fitting the lateral distribution curves of EAS using Sigmoidal function (Logistic model). Comparison of the results showed a good agreement between the values obtained from the parameterized LDF using Sigmoidal function with experimental results by AGASA EAS observatory for the primaries proton as well iron nuclei, with the production of (electron positron) pair and the charged muons secondary particles at high energy about 1019 eV and (θ = 0o).

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Why is it important?

Cosmic rays, extensive air showers, lateral distribution function, AIRES System.