How Economic Growth and Globalization Affect Sustainable Development Goals

What is it about?

This study explores how economic growth and globalization affect the world's efforts to reach the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We looked at data from 149 countries between 2000 and 2023, examining if countries are becoming more alike (converging) in their progress toward sustainability. Our findings show that while wealthier and more globally connected countries generally make better progress on the SDGs, rapid urbanization and large environmental footprints tend to hinder these goals. We recommend customized strategies for different groups of countries to balance economic growth and globalization with environmental and social responsibility.

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Photo by Noah Buscher on Unsplash

Photo by Noah Buscher on Unsplash

Why is it important?

This research uniquely analyzes the interplay between economic growth, globalization, urbanization, and environmental sustainability using recent global data from 2000 to 2023. Unlike earlier studies that focused narrowly, our comprehensive approach categorizes 149 countries into distinct groups based on their progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By identifying patterns within these groups, we offer timely insights into how different countries can tailor their policies effectively. Given the urgent global need to achieve sustainability, our findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers to better balance economic development with environmental and social priorities, potentially accelerating worldwide progress toward sustainability.

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