What is it about?

What does it mean to be free? How can freedom arise from a condition of unfreedom? This article considers Erich Fromm’s and Michel Foucault’s respective accounts of what we can call “practices of freedom”—personal and social engagements with how we live our lives that can be said to be transformative of those lives, towards a condition of enhanced freedom and fulfilment.

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Why is it important?

I tried to problematise elements of Foucault's otherwise very generative thought but thinking if alongside, and intersecting with Fromm's thought on the matter. Questions of self-constitution in the respective theories, and said theories facing the world of 'late capitalism' are worked through to allow us to see the shared problems and overlapping/complementary insights of each thinker.

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This page is a summary of: Living life as an art: Erich Fromm and Michel Foucault on the art of existence in late capitalism., The Humanistic Psychologist, October 2025, American Psychological Association (APA),
DOI: 10.1037/hum0000400.
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