Vulnerability and protective factors for sexual violence

What is it about?

This chapter reviews research on what makes some people more likely or less likely to experience sexual assault as adults. It looks at factors that increase vulnerability, such as prior abuse, alcohol or drug use, mental health, and isolation, and factors that can offer protection, like strong social support or assertiveness skills. It also examines how these factors affect the possibility of sexual assault victims experiencing assault again (revictimization). Sexual assault is very common, as about one in five women experience it in adulthood. This review helps to highlight which personal and situational factors raise risk and which ones can help reduce it. Understanding both vulnerability and protective factors is needed to improve prevention and support efforts.

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Photo by Andreia Cunha on Unsplash

Photo by Andreia Cunha on Unsplash

Why is it important?

Understanding the mix of vulnerability and protective factors that influence risk and recovery from sexual violence helps inform prevention strategies and support for those at risk. Enhancing protective factors such as social connections and empowerment can lead to better programs and interventions. This knowledge supports efforts to prevent assault and improve safety and recovery.