Predicting Timing of Parenthood

What is it about?

We aimed to predict if and when young adults would become parents. Using data from a multi-decade, longitudinal study, we measured 19 factors related to their interpersonal connections and characteristics when they were aged between 23 and 28 years. These factors converged into four groups: Connected (32.4%): Close to family and friends, clear sense of identity, empathetic. Constricted Empathy (32.3%): Showed secure attachment styles but less empathy. Insecure (24%): Lacking identity clarity and attachment security. Disconnected (11.3%): Disconnected from family and friends. We tracked these young adults until they were 37 years old. Compared to connected individuals, those who were disconnected were 65% less likely to have become parents, and those who were insecure were 78% less likely to be parents. Among those who did become parents, individuals in the constricted empathy and disconnected groups were more likely to have entered parenthood earlier (before age 25). Constricted empathy parents reported higher levels of hostile parenting at one year postpartum. In contrast, connected parents, compared to all other groups, reported higher levels of warm parenting and stronger parent-infant bonds.

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Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash

Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash

Why is it important?

Predicting the timing of first-time parenthood and understanding preconception orientations to parenting are important for community and public health planning. This study offers valuable insights into groups that may benefit from targeted support, helping them prepare for and adjust to parenthood more effectively. It is also important to acknowledge that many people who want to have children remain childless. Infertility is estimated at 9% worldwide. Unfortunately, our study did not have detailed information on fertility or pregnancy loss. Additionally, there are increasing numbers of young people who are choosing not to become parents. The reasons for this vary. Some feel they have more control over their life paths and face fewer gender-based restrictions. Some are concerned about the future world, especially regarding climate change. For those who decide not to have children, their ability and desire to care for others might be expressed through other relationships or activities that involve nurturing and contributing to future generations. Given changing perspectives about future procreation, this is a field of research that warrants ongoing investigation.