What is it about?

Gases have a significant impact on health, environmental safety, and industry, making the accurate detection of toxic and flammable gases a critical technical challenge. SnO₂ is one of the most used materials in this area, and its detection behavior is strongly influenced by the synthesis process and the structural and morphological characteristics obtained.In this study, the effects of two different synthesis methods - a chemical method and a green synthesis route using green tea extract - on the structural, optical and gas sensing properties of SnO₂ nanoparticles were studied. Nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis.

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Why is it important?

The gas detection efficiency was studied using H₂S gas at a concentration of 50 parts per million over a wide range of operating temperatures. XRD showed the formation of a tetragonal crystalline phase of SnO₂ for both synthesis routes. The average crystal size was 6.14 nm for the green synthesized, compared to 12.47 nm for the chemically synthesized . FESEM revealed uniform granular morphology in both samples, indicating minimal synthesis impact on shape. Green-synthesized SnO₂ showed lower band gap(4.4 eV), stronger photoluminescence, and higher sensor response (54 at 250 °C) than chemically prepared particles, demonstrating enhanced optical properties and gas sensing performance.

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The present study investigates the influence of two synthesis routes—conventional chemical synthesis and a green synthesis approach using green tea extract—on the structural, optical, and gas sensing properties of SnO₂ nanoparticles. The materials were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). Gas sensing performance was evaluated toward H₂S gas at a concentration of 50 ppm over a range of operating temperatures.

Dr Ahmad Sh. A. Lafi
University of Anbar

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This page is a summary of: Sol-gel vs. green synthesis of tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles: influence on morphology and gas sensing behavior, Applied Physics A, June 2026, Springer Science + Business Media,
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-026-09770-1.
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