All Stories

  1. Garnet as a reliable timekeeper in Archean polymetamorphic terranes

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, October 2025, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  2. The evolution of Earth’s early continental crust

    Article • Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, August 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  3. An exogenic to endogenic thermal transition on Earth 3.9 billion years ago

    Article • Communications Earth & Environment, July 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  4. Incipient continent formation by shallow melting of an altered mafic protocrust

    Article • Nature Communications, May 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  5. A potential mantle origin for precursor rocks of high-Mg impact glass beads in Chang’e-5 soil

    Article • Science Advances, May 2025, American Association for the Advancement of Science

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  6. Formation and composition of Earth’s Hadean protocrust

    Article • Nature, April 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  7. Subducted magnesite in serpentinite carries fluid-mobile elements and carbon into the lower mantle

    Article • March 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  8. A Paleoarchaean impact crater in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

    Article • Nature Communications, March 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  9. Enhanced subduction flux during the assembly of Pangea recorded by global intracontinental magmatism

    Article • January 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  10. Fresh water on Earth four billion years ago

    Article • January 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  11. Global mantle perturbations following the onset of modern plate tectonics

    Article • Science Advances, October 2024, American Association for the Advancement of Science

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  12. Is plate tectonics a post-Archean phenomenon? A petrological perspective

    Article • Journal of the Geological Society, August 2024, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  13. Onset of the Earth’s hydrological cycle four billion years ago or earlier

    Article • Nature Geoscience, June 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  14. Paleoarchean metamorphism in the Acasta Gneiss Complex: Constraints from phase equilibrium modelling and in situ garnet Lu–Hf geochronology

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, January 2024, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  15. Bimodality in zircon oxygen isotopes and implications for crustal melting on the early Earth

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, January 2024, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  16. Changes in orogenic style and surface environment recorded in Paleoproterozoic foreland successions

    Article • Nature Communications, December 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson, Prof Tim Kusky

  17. Giant impacts and the origin and evolution of continents

    Article • May 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  18. Multiple dates in millimetres; diffusion as an explanation for Rb-Sr age discrepancies in biotite

    Article • May 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  19. Pressure–temperature conditions and age of metamorphism in the Archean Acasta Gneiss Complex: constraints from phase equilibrium modelling and in situ garnet Lu-Hf geochronology

    Article • May 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  20. Ultra-slow cooling of ultra-hot orogens

    Article • May 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  21. Greenstone burial–exhumation cycles at the late Archean transition to plate tectonics

    Article • Nature Communications, December 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  22. Coexisting divergent and convergent plate boundary assemblages indicate plate tectonics in the Neoarchean

    Article • Nature Communications, October 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson, Prof Tim Kusky

  23. Giant impacts and the origin and evolution of continents

    Article • Nature, August 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  24. Secular changes in metamorphism and metamorphic cooling rates track the evolving plate-tectonic regime on Earth

    Article • Journal of the Geological Society, July 2022, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  25. Experimental constraints on the long-lived radiogenic isotope evolution of the Moon

    Article • Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, June 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  26. Newly-discovered ultra-high temperature granulites from the East Hebei terrane, North China Craton

    Article • Science Bulletin, April 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  27. How old are the Jack Hills metasediments really?: The case for contamination of bedrock by zircon grains in transported regolith

    Article • Geology, March 2022, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  28. Linking metamorphism and plate boundaries over the past 2 billion years

    Article • Geology, March 2022, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  29. Geology Bites podcast by Oliver Strimpel

    Article • Geological Magazine, February 2022, Cambridge University Press

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  30. Closing the “North American Magmatic” Gap: Crustal evolution of the Clearwater Block from multi-isotope and trace element zircon data

    Article • Precambrian Research, February 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  31. Pb isotope insight into the formation of the Earth's first stable continents

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, January 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  32. Boninitic blueschists record subduction initiation and subsequent accretion of an arc–forearc in the northeast Proto-Tethys Ocean

    Article • Geology, January 2022, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson, Prof Tim Kusky

  33. Detrital zircon U–Pb and Hf signatures of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic strata in the Priest River region, northwestern USA: A record of Laurentia assembly and Nuna tenure

    Article • Precambrian Research, December 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  34. Model versus measured detrital zircon age signatures of the early Earth

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, December 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  35. Metasediment-derived Melts in Subduction-zone Magmas and their Influence on Crustal Evolution

    Article • Journal of Petrology, November 2021, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  36. A model for evolving crust on 4 Vesta through combined compositional and thermal modelling

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, October 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  37. Crustal melting and suprasolidus phase equilibria: From first principles to the state-of-the-art

    Article • Earth-Science Reviews, October 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  38. Recovering P–T–t paths from ultra-high temperature (UHT) felsic orthogneiss: An example from the Southern Brasília Orogen, Brazil

    Article • Precambrian Research, July 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  39. Continental basalts track secular cooling of the mantle and the onset of modern plate tectonics

    Article • April 2021, Research Square

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  40. Using zircon in mafic migmatites to disentangle complex high-grade gneiss terrains – Terrane spotting in the Lewisian complex, NW Scotland

    Article • Precambrian Research, April 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  41. Formation and Evolution of a Neoproterozoic Continental Magmatic Arc

    Article • Journal of Petrology, March 2021, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  42. Oxygen isotopes trace the origins of Earth’s earliest continental crust

    Article • Nature, March 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  43. Geology of non-plate tectonic regimes: detrital zircon age records and beyond

    Article • March 2021, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  44. Partial Melting of Bimineralic Eclogite by Clinopyroxene Breakdown 

    Article • March 2021, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  45. Zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf record from the Archean Lewisian Gneiss Complex, NW Scotland

    Article • March 2021, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  46. Recalibrating Rodinian rifting in the northwestern United States

    Article • Geology, February 2021, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  47. The phases of the Moon: Modelling crystallisation of the lunar magma ocean through equilibrium thermodynamics

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, February 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  48. Controls on the scales of equilibrium during granulite facies metamorphism

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, January 2021, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  49. Partial melting of ultrahigh-pressure eclogite by omphacite-breakdown facilitates exhumation of deeply-subducted crust

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, January 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  50. Theoretical versus empirical secular change in zircon composition

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, January 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  51. The internal structure and geodynamics of Mars inferred from a 4.2-Gyr zircon record

    Article • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, November 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  52. TTG generation by fluid-fluxed crustal melting: Direct evidence from the Proterozoic Georgetown Inlier, NE Australia

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, November 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  53. Paired metamorphism in the Neoarchean: A record of accretionary-to-collisional orogenesis in the North China Craton

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, August 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson, Prof Tim Kusky

  54. A Baltic heritage in Scotland: Basement terrane transfer during the Grenvillian orogeny

    Article • Geology, July 2020, Geological Society of America

    Prof Tim Kusky, Dr Tim E Johnson

  55. Plate Tectonics and the Archean Earth

    Article • Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, May 2020, Annual Reviews

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  56. Critical role of water in the formation of continental crust

    Article • Nature Geoscience, May 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  57. Petrogenesis of leucosome sheets in migmatitic UHP eclogites—Evolution from silicate-rich supercritical fluid to hydrous melt

    Article • Lithos, May 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  58. A review of the chondrite–achondrite transition, and a metamorphic facies series for equilibrated primitive stony meteorites

    Article • Meteoritics and Planetary Science, April 2020, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  59. Persistence of melt-bearing Archean lower crust for >200 m.y.— An example from the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland

    Article • March 2020, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  60. Quantitative automated mineralogy to constrain metamorphic processes using ZEISS Mineralogic

    Article • March 2020, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  61. Evolution of geodynamics since the Archean: Significant change at the dawn of the Phanerozoic

    Article • Geology, February 2020, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  62. Modelling U-Pb discordance in the Acasta Gneiss: Implications for fluid–rock interaction in Earth's oldest dated crust

    Article • Gondwana Research, January 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  63. Persistence of melt-bearing Archean lower crust for >200 m.y.—An example from the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland

    Article • Geology, December 2019, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  64. No evidence for high-pressure melting of Earth’s crust in the Archean

    Article • Nature Communications, December 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  65. Garnet, the archetypal cubic mineral, grows tetragonal

    Article • Scientific Reports, October 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  66. The Mangaroon Orogeny: Synchronous c. 1.7 Ga magmatism and low-P, high-T metamorphism in the West Australian Craton

    Article • Precambrian Research, October 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  67. Into the melting pot: A celebration of the career of Michael Brown

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, August 2019, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  68. Metamorphism and the evolution of subduction on Earth

    Article • American Mineralogist, August 2019, Mineralogical Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  69. Metamorphism and the evolution of plate tectonics

    Article • Nature, August 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  70. Testing the fidelity of thermometers at ultrahigh temperatures

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, May 2019, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  71. Time's arrow, time's cycle: Granulite metamorphism and geodynamics

    Article • Mineralogical Magazine, April 2019, Mineralogical Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  72. Closed system behaviour of argon in osumilite records protracted high‐ T metamorphism within the Rogaland–Vest Agder Sector, Norway

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, April 2019, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  73. Corrigendum to: ’Modelling the Hafnium–Neodymium Evolution of Early Earth: A Study from West Greenland’

    Article • Journal of Petrology, March 2019, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  74. Antimony in rutile as a pathfinder for orogenic gold deposits

    Article • Ore Geology Reviews, March 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  75. Nanoscale constraints on the shock-induced transformation of zircon to reidite

    Article • Chemical Geology, March 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  76. Performing process-oriented investigations involving mass transfer using Rcrust: a new phase equilibrium modelling tool

    Article • Geological Society London Special Publications, February 2019, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  77. Zircon U–Pb, Lu–Hf and O isotopes from the 3414 Ma Strelley Pool Formation, East Pilbara Terrane, and the Palaeoarchaean emergence of a cryptic cratonic core

    Article • Precambrian Research, February 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  78. Secular change in TTG compositions: Implications for the evolution of Archaean geodynamics

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, January 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  79. A window into an ancient backarc? The magmatic and metamorphic history of the Fraser Zone, Western Australia

    Article • Precambrian Research, January 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  80. Modelling the Hafnium–Neodymium Evolution of Early Earth: A Study from West Greenland

    Article • Journal of Petrology, December 2018, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  81. Neoproterozoic evolution and Cambrian reworking of ultrahigh temperature granulites in the Eastern Ghats Province, India

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, October 2018, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  82. Zircon as a metamorphic timekeeper: A case study from the Caledonides of central Norway

    Article • Gondwana Research, September 2018, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  83. An impact melt origin for Earth’s oldest known evolved rocks

    Article • Nature Geoscience, August 2018, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  84. New constraints on granulite facies metamorphism and melt production in the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, April 2018, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  85. Secular change in metamorphism and the onset of global plate tectonics

    Article • American Mineralogist, February 2018, Mineralogical Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  86. Melting controls on the lutetium–hafnium evolution of Archaean crust

    Article • Precambrian Research, February 2018, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  87. Zircon geochronology reveals polyphase magmatism and crustal anatexis in the Buchan Block, NE Scotland: Implications for the Grampian Orogeny

    Article • Geoscience Frontiers, November 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  88. Processes of crust formation in the early Earth imaged through Hf isotopes from the East Pilbara Terrane

    Article • Precambrian Research, August 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  89. Fluid generation and evolution during exhumation of deeply subducted UHP continental crust: Petrogenesis of composite granite-quartz veins in the Sulu belt, China

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, May 2017, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  90. Earth’s first stable continents did not form by subduction

    Article • Nature, February 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  91. Reappraising the P–T evolution of the Rogaland–Vest Agder Sector, southwestern Norway

    Article • Geoscience Frontiers, January 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  92. Mechanisms of deformation-induced trace element migration in zircon resolved by atom probe and correlative microscopy

    Article • Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  93. se-2016-97. Arrested development – a comparative analysis of multilayer corona textures in metamorphic rocks

    Article • October 2016, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  94. Subduction or sagduction? Ambiguity in constraining the origin of ultramafic–mafic bodies in the Archean crust of NW Scotland

    Article • Precambrian Research, September 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  95. Grain size matters: Implications for element and isotopic mobility in titanite

    Article • Precambrian Research, June 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  96. Constraints on the timing and conditions of high-grade metamorphism, charnockite formation and fluid-rock interaction in the Trivandrum Block, southern India

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, May 2016, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  97. The source of Dalradian detritus in the Buchan Block, NE Scotland: application of new tools to detrital datasets

    Article • Journal of the Geological Society, May 2016, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  98. Discriminating prolonged, episodic or disturbed monazite age spectra: An example from the Kalak Nappe Complex, Arctic Norway

    Article • Chemical Geology, April 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  99. Metamorphism and partial melting of ordinary chondrites: Calculated phase equilibria

    Article • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, January 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  100. Hot orogens and supercontinent amalgamation: A Gondwanan example from southern India

    Article • Gondwana Research, December 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  101. Precambrian reidite discovered in shocked zircon from the Stac Fada impactite, Scotland

    Article • Geology, August 2015, Geological Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  102. Grampian migmatites in the Buchan Block

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, July 2015, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  103. Unravelling the complexities in high-grade rocks using multiple techniques: the Achankovil Zone of southern India

    Article • Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, May 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  104. Prograde and retrograde growth of monazite in migmatites: An example from the Nagercoil Block, southern India

    Article • Geoscience Frontiers, May 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  105. The effect of Mn on mineral stability in metapelites revisited: newa-xrelations for manganese-bearing minerals

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, July 2014, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  106. Partial melting of metabasic rocks in Val Strona di Omegna, Ivrea Zone, northern Italy

    Article • Lithos, March 2014, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  107. New mineral activity-composition relations for thermodynamic calculations in metapelitic systems

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, February 2014, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  108. Thermobarometric constraints on pressure variations across the Plattengneiss shear zone of the Eastern Alps: implications for exhumation models during Eoalpine subduction

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, January 2014, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  109. Delamination and recycling of Archaean crust caused by gravitational instabilities

    Article • Nature Geoscience, December 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  110. Migmatites in the Ivrea Zone (NW Italy): Constraints on partial melting and melt loss in metasedimentary rocks from Val Strona di Omegna

    Article • Lithos, August 2013, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  111. Field and petrographic evidence for partial melting of TTG gneisses from the central region of the mainland Lewisian complex, NW Scotland

    Article • Journal of the Geological Society, March 2013, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  112. Polymetamorphism in the mainland Lewisian complex, NW Scotland - phase equilibria and geochronological constraints from the Cnoc an t’Sidhean suite

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, August 2012, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  113. Archaean Intracrustal Differentiation from Partial Melting of Metagabbro--Field and Geochemical Evidence from the Central Region of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland

    Article • Journal of Petrology, July 2012, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  114. Phase equilibrium constraints on a deep crustal metamorphic field gradient: metapelitic rocks from the Ivrea Zone (NW Italy)

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, December 2011, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  115. Is the Crucible Reproducible? Reconciling Melting Experiments with Thermodynamic Calculations

    Article • Elements, July 2011, Mineralogical Society of America

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  116. A year in the life of an aluminous metapelite xenolith—The role of heating rates, reaction overstep, H2O retention and melt loss

    Article • Lithos, May 2011, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  117. Phase equilibrium constraints on conditions of granulite-facies metamorphism at Scourie, NW Scotland

    Article • Journal of the Geological Society, January 2011, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  118. Petrogenetic modelling of strongly residual metapelitic xenoliths within the southern Platreef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, April 2010, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  119. Partial melting of metagreywacke: a calculated mineral equilibria study

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, October 2008, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  120. Spinel-cordierite symplectites replacing andalusite: evidence for melt-assisted diapirism in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, August 2004, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  121. Constraints on the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Western Ethiopian Shield

    Article • Precambrian Research, August 2004, Elsevier

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  122. Quantitative Constraints on Metamorphism in the Variscides of Southern Brittany--a Complementary Pseudosection Approach

    Article • Journal of Petrology, June 2004, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  123. Evidence for a genetic granite–migmatite link in the Dalradian of NE Scotland

    Article • Journal of the Geological Society, May 2003, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  124. Melt segregation structures within the Inzie Head gneisses of the northeastern Dalradian

    Article • Scottish Journal of Geology, November 2001, Geological Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  125. Partial melting in the Inzie Head gneisses: the role of water and a petrogenetic grid in KFMASH applicable to anatectic pelitic migmatites

    Article • Journal of Metamorphic Geology, January 2001, Wiley

    Dr Tim E Johnson

  126. Wollastonite-bearing assemblages from the Dalradian at Fraserburgh, northeast Scotland and their bearing on the emplacement of garnetiferous granitoid sheets

    Article • Mineralogical Magazine, December 2000, Mineralogical Society

    Dr Tim E Johnson