All Stories

  1. Projection of future tornado activity in the United States with convection-permitting dynamical downscaling

    Article • June 2026, Springer Science + Business Media

    Robert Trapp

  2. Future Climate Projections of Hazardous Convective Weather Using an Ensemble of Environment‐Informed, Convection‐Permitting Dynamical Downscaling Simulations

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, March 2026, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  3. Future Climate Projections of Hazardous Convective Weather Using  an Ensemble of Environment-informed, Convection-permitting Dynamical Downscaling  Simulations

    Article • March 2026, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  4. Seasonal prediction of springtime tornado activity in the United States using a hybrid model

    Article • February 2026, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  5. Supplementary material to "Seasonal prediction of springtime tornado activity in the United States using a hybrid model"

    Article • February 2026, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  6. Future Climate Projections of Hazardous Convective Weather Using  an Ensemble of Environment-informed, Convection-permitting Dynamical Downscaling  Simulations

    Article • February 2026, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  7. Quantification of Mechanisms for Severe Wind Generation in Simulated Derecho Events

    Article • December 2025, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  8. Improved Understanding of How Kinematic and Thermodynamic Environmental Changes Impact Modeled Overshooting Top Characteristics

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, October 2025, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  9. Characteristics of Tornadic and Nontornadic QLCS Mesovortices Observed Using Radar and Pod Data from PERiLS

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, October 2025, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  10. A Storyline Climate‐Change Attribution Study of a High‐Impact Hailstorm in Switzerland

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, September 2025, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  11. Generating An Ensemble of Environment-informed, Convection-permitting Dynamical Downscaling Simulations for Climate-change Projections of Hazardous Convective  Weather 

    Article • September 2025, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  12. A storyline climate-change attribution study of the extreme hail event in Switzerland on 28 June 202

    Article • August 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  13. Climate-change projections of hazardous convective weather using an environment-informed, convection-permitting, dynamical downscaling ensemble

    Article • August 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  14. Identification of discrete updrafts within quasi-linear convective systems using gridded radar data and potential implications for tornadogenesis prediction

    Article • August 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  15. Improved Understanding of Drivers of Upper-Level Updrafts and their Role in Producing Thunderstorm Overshooting Tops

    Article • August 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  16. Linking weather regimes to the variability of warm-season tornado activity over the United States

    Article • Weather and Climate Dynamics, July 2025, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  17. Improved Understanding of how Kinematic and Thermodynamic Environmental Changes Impact Modeled Overshooting Top Characteristics

    Article • July 2025, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  18. The Prediction of Potential Tornado Damage Intensity Using Machine Learning

    Article • Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems, July 2025, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  19. A storyline climate-change attribution study of a high-impact hailstorm in Switzerland

    Article • June 2025, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  20. Two archetypes of tornadic quasi‐linear convective systems in the United Kingdom: Relevance of horizontal shearing instability to vortexgenesis and maintenance

    Article • Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, April 2025, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  21. Generating An Ensemble of Environment-informed, Convection-permitting Dynamical Downscaling Simulations for Climate-change Projections of Hazardous Convective Weather

    Article • November 2024, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  22. Linking Weather Regimes to the Variability of Warm-Season Tornado Activity over the United States

    Article • November 2024, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  23. Supplementary material to "Linking Weather Regimes to the Variability of Warm-Season Tornado Activity over the United States"

    Article • November 2024, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  24. The regionality and seasonality of tornado trends in the United States

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, June 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Robert Trapp

  25. The Observed Impact of the Lower Stratospheric Thermodynamic Environment on Overshooting Top Characteristics During the RELAMPAGO‐CACTI Field Campaign

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, May 2024, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  26. The Observed Impact of the Upper Tropospheric/Lower Stratospheric Thermodynamic Environment on Overshooting Top Characteristics during the RELAMPAGO-CACTI Field Campaign

    Article • November 2023, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  27. Investigating a Derecho in a Future Warmer Climate

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, October 2023, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  28. The Impact of Human‐Induced Climate Change on Future Tornado Intensity as Revealed Through Multi‐Scale Modeling

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, July 2023, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  29. The impact of human-induced climate change on future tornado intensity as revealed through multi-scale modeling

    Article • June 2023, Authorea, Inc.

    Robert Trapp

  30. Environmental and Radar-Derived Predictors of Tornado Intensity within Ongoing Convective Storms

    Article • Journal of Operational Meteorology, May 2023, National Weather Association

    Robert Trapp

  31. Near-global distributions of overshooting tops derived from Terra and Aqua MODIS observations

    Article • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, March 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  32. Comparing CMIP6 Future Projections for Severe Convective Environments in a Warmed Climate over Australia, Europe and North America

    Article • March 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  33. Overview of the PERiLS (Propagation, Evolution and Rotation in Linear Storms) Project

    Article • March 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  34. The Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM)

    Article • March 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  35. Two Archetypes of Tornadic Quasilinear Convective Systems in the United Kingdom: Vortex Genesis and Maintenance

    Article • March 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  36. The impact of human-induced climate change on potential tornado intensity as revealed through multi-scale modeling

    Article • January 2023, Authorea, Inc.

    Robert Trapp

  37. Quantification of QLCS Tornadogenesis, Associated Characteristics, and Environments across a Large Sample

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, November 2022, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  38. Near Global Distributions of Overshooting Tops Derived from Terra and Aqua MODIS Observations

    Article • October 2022, Copernicus GmbH

    Robert Trapp

  39. Alternative Implementations of the “Pseudo‐Global‐Warming” Methodology for Event‐Based Simulations

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, December 2021, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  40. A Storm Safari in Subtropical South America: Proyecto RELAMPAGO

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, August 2021, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  41. The Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM)

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, August 2021, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  42. ENTRAINMENT IN A SIMULATED SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM, PART I: THE EVOLUTION OF DIFFERENT ENTRAINMENT MECHANISMS AND THEIR DILUTIVE EFFECTS

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, June 2021, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  43. Convective-Storm Environments in Subtropical South America from High-Frequency Soundings during RELAMPAGO-CACTI

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, May 2021, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  44. The effects of climate change on hailstorms

    Article • Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, February 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Robert Trapp

  45. Exploring Inland Tropical Cyclone Rainfall and Tornadoes under Future Climate Conditions through a Case Study of Hurricane Ivan

    Article • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, January 2021, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  46. The Influence of Terrain on the Convective Environment and Associated Convective Morphology from an Idealized Modeling Perspective

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, November 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  47. Multiple-Platform and Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of a Supercell Thunderstorm in South America during RELAMPAGO

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, August 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  48. Hybrid Prediction of Weekly Tornado Activity Out to Week 3: Utilizing Weather Regimes

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, May 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  49. Final report: A Bottom-up Approach to Improve the Representation of Deep Convective Clouds in Weather and Climate Models

    Article • February 2020, Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)

    Robert Trapp

  50. On the Construction Principle of Conceptual Models for Severe Convective Weather Forecasting Operations in China

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, February 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Xinhua Liu, Robert Trapp

  51. Observational Study of the Thermodynamics and Morphological Characteristics of a Midlatitude Continental Cold Pool Event

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, January 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  52. Observed relationship between tornado intensity and pre-tornadic mesocyclone characteristics

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, December 2019, American Meteorological Society

    Michael Sessa, Robert Trapp

  53. A Case Study of Terrain Influences on Upscale Convective Growth of a Supercell

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, November 2019, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  54. Using Overshooting Top Area to Discriminate Potential for Large, Intense Tornadoes

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, November 2019, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  55. Future Changes in Hail Occurrence in the United States Determined through Convection-Permitting Dynamical Downscaling

    Article • Journal of Climate, September 2019, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  56. The Dynamical Coupling of Convective Updrafts, Downdrafts, and Cold Pools in Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, December 2018, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  57. Reply to “Comments on ‘The Regulation of Tornado Intensity by Updraft Width’”

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, November 2018, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  58. A radar-based study of severe hail outbreaks over the contiguous United States for 2000-2011

    Article • International Journal of Climatology, August 2018, Wiley

    Robert Trapp

  59. Exploring a possible connection between U.S. tornado activity and Arctic sea ice

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, August 2018, Springer Science + Business Media

    Robert Trapp

  60. Convective Storm Life Cycle and Environments near the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, August 2018, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  61. The Regulation of Tornado Intensity by Updraft Width

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, December 2017, American Meteorological Society

    Stephen Nesbitt, Robert Trapp

  62. The Impact of Climate Change on Hazardous Convective Weather in the United States: Insight from High-Resolution Dynamical Downscaling

    Article • Journal of Climate, December 2017, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  63. Convectively Induced Stabilizations and Subsequent Recovery with Supercell Thunderstorms during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX)

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, May 2017, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  64. The Realization of Extreme Tornadic Storm Events under Future Anthropogenic Climate Change

    Article • Journal of Climate, July 2016, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  65. Mobile Radiosonde Deployments during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX): Rapid and Adaptive Sampling of Upscale Convective Feedbacks

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, March 2016, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  66. The Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX)

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, December 2015, American Meteorological Society

    Ryan Torn, Robert Trapp

  67. Mesoscale Thermodynamic Influences on Convection Initiation near a Surface Dryline in a Convection-Permitting Ensemble

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, September 2015, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  68. On the Significance of Multiple Consecutive Days of Tornado Activity

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, March 2014, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  69. Robust increases in severe thunderstorm environments in response to greenhouse forcing

    Article • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, September 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

    Robert Trapp

  70. The Geospatial and Temporal Distributions of Severe Thunderstorms from High-Resolution Dynamical Downscaling

    Article • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, September 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  71. Comparison of Mobile-Radar Measurements of Tornado Intensity with Corresponding WSR-88D Measurements

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, April 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  72. Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, April 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  73. Mesoscale-Convective Processes in the Atmosphere

    Article • March 2013, Cambridge University Press

    Robert Trapp

  74. Regional Characterization of Tornado Activity

    Article • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, March 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  75. An Object-Oriented Characterization of Extreme Precipitation-Producing Convective Systems in the Midwestern United States

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, April 2012, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  76. A Proposed Model-Based Methodology for Feature-Specific Prediction for High-Impact Weather

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, April 2011, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  77. Regional climate of hazardous convective weather through high-resolution dynamical downscaling

    Article • Climate Dynamics, May 2010, Springer Science + Business Media

    Robert Trapp

  78. Characterizing Subdiurnal Extreme Precipitation in the Midwestern United States

    Article • Journal of Hydrometeorology, February 2010, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  79. Suppression of south Asian summer monsoon precipitation in the 21st century

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2009, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  80. Transient response of severe thunderstorm forcing to elevated greenhouse gas concentrations

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2009, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  81. The Effect of Mesoscale Heterogeneity on the Genesis and Structure of Mesovortices within Quasi-Linear Convective Systems

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, November 2008, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  82. Vortex Lines within Low-Level Mesocyclones Obtained from Pseudo-Dual-Doppler Radar Observations

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, September 2008, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  83. An analysis of the axisymmetric three‐dimensional low level wind field in a tornado using mobile radar observations

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, March 2008, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  84. Changes in severe thunderstorm environment frequency during the 21st century caused by anthropogenically enhanced global radiative forcing

    Article • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, December 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

    Robert Trapp

  85. Telescoping, multimodel approaches to evaluate extreme convective weather under future climates

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, October 2007, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  86. Meteorological influence on the occurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus in military working dogs in Texas

    Article • International Journal of Biometeorology, August 2007, Springer Science + Business Media

    Robert Trapp

  87. The Mysteries of Mammatus Clouds: Observations and Formation Mechanisms

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, October 2006, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  88. Buyer Beware: Some Words of Caution on the Use of Severe Wind Reports in Postevent Assessment and Research

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, June 2006, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  89. Radar and Damage Analysis of Severe Bow Echoes Observed during BAMEX

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, March 2006, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  90. Fine-scale processes regulate the response of extreme events to global climate change

    Article • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, October 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

    Robert Trapp

  91. A Reassessment of the Percentage of Tornadic Mesocyclones

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, August 2005, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  92. Damaging Surface Wind Mechanisms within the 10 June 2003 Saint Louis Bow Echo during BAMEX

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, August 2005, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  93. Tornadoes from Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Part I: Climatological Distribution

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, February 2005, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  94. The Bow Echo and MCV Experiment: Observations and Opportunities

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, August 2004, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  95. Low-Level Mesovortices within Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Part I: Overview and Dependence on Environmental Shear

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, November 2003, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  96. Low-Level Mesovortices within Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Part II: Their Genesis and Implications

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, November 2003, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  97. Nonclassical Cold-Frontal Structure Caused by Dry Subcloud Air in Northern Utah during the Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX)

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, October 2003, American Meteorological Society

    Professor David M. Schultz, Robert Trapp

  98. Initial balloon soundings of the electric field in winter nimbostratus clouds in the USA

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, October 2002, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Robert Trapp

  99. Understanding Utah Winter Storms: The Intermountain Precipitation Experiment

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, February 2002, American Meteorological Society

    Professor David M. Schultz, Robert Trapp

  100. Multiscale Structure and Evolution of an Oklahoma Winter Precipitation Event

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, March 2001, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  101. A Clarification of Vortex Breakdown and Tornadogenesis

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, March 2000, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  102. Radar Data Objective Analysis

    Article • Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, February 2000, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  103. Descending and Nondescending Tornadic Vortex Signatures Detected by WSR-88Ds

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, October 1999, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  104. Observations of Nontornadic Low-Level Mesocyclones and Attendant Tornadogenesis Failure during VORTEX*

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, July 1999, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  105. Tornadogenesis with and without a Dynamic Pipe Effect

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, January 1997, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  106. Tornado-like Vortexgenesis in a Simplified Numerical Model

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, November 1995, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp

  107. A Fast Dynamic Grid Adaption Scheme for Meteorological Flows

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, October 1993, American Meteorological Society

    Robert Trapp