All Stories

  1. Call for IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Award Nominations [Society News]
  2. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Members Elevated to IEEE Fellows [Society News]
  3. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society [Society News]
  4. Prof. Kamal Al-Haddad Delivers a Distinguished Lecture at the 2025 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Students & Young Professionals Congress, Tunis, Tunisia [Society News]
  5. The 2025 Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Madrid [Society News]
  6. The Fourth IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems [Society News]
  7. Two Prominent IEEE Industry Electronics Society Researchers Receive Prestigious Research Grants [Society News]
  8. IEEE Entity Standard by IES and Jointly Sponsored With the Consumer Technology Society (CTS) [Society News]
  9. Jointly Sponsored IEEE Standard Established by the Instrument and Measurement Society (IMS) and IES [Society News]
  10. Prof. Dr. Saad Mekhilef Gives a Distinguished Lecture at the University of Malaya, Malaysia [Society News]
  11. Smart Connectivity – Digital Future | The 23rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics Held in Kunming [Society News]
  12. The 30th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2025) [Society News]
  13. Three More IEEE Standards Established by IES [Society News]
  14. WEMDCD 2025—Enhancing the Success [Society News]
  15. IEEE 34th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics [Society News]
  16. IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems 2025 Meets Rostock [Society News]
  17. Prof. Udaya K. Madawala’s Distinguished Lecture on Electric Vehicle Charging: Challenges and Solutions [Society News]
  18. Prof. Xinghuo Yu Delivers a Distinguished Lecture at the School of Automation at Southeast University [Society News]
  19. Thirty Years of the IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems: From 1995 in Leysin Onward [Society News]
  20. Induction Heating Appliances: Fifty Years of Technological Success: Paving the Path for Sustainable Homes
  21. Distinguished Lectures of Dr. Holtz in IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Beijing Section in China [Society News]
  22. IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, 28 February to 2 March 2025, Wollongong, NSW, Australia [Society News]
  23. Prof. Faz Rahman’s Distinguished Lecture on Evolution of Interior PM Synchronous Machines and Control Techniques for Electric Vehicle Applications [Society News]
  24. Report on the Virtual Distinguished Lecture Given by Prof. G. A. Capolino [Society News]
  25. 2024 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Award Recipients [Society News]
  26. 2024 Industrial Electronics Society Officers [Society News]
  27. 2025 Editors-in-Chief [Society News]
  28. Call for IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Award Nominations [Society News]
  29. Distinguished Lecture by Prof. G. Kumar Venayagamoorthy on 11 November 2024 [Society News]
  30. Distinguished Lecture on 25 September 2024 by Dr. K. Gopakumar at IEEE IE/PELS Joint Chapter, Kothamangalam, India [Society News]
  31. Distinguished Lecture on 26 July 2024 by Prof. Milos Manic [Society News]
  32. IECON 2024: A Spectacular 50th Anniversary Celebration in Chicago [Society News]
  33. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Members Elevated to IEEE Fellows [Society News]
  34. Life Administrative Committee Members [Society News]
  35. Prof. Atif Iqbal’s Distinguished Lecture on Design and Control of Residential Electric Vehicle Chargers [Society News]
  36. Prof. Dmitri Vinnikov’s Distinguished Lecture on OPTIVERTER Technology for Photovoltaic Module-Level Power Electronics [Society News]
  37. Prof. Thierry A. Meynard Gives a Distinguished Lecture at University of Sousse – Tunisia [Society News]
  38. Prof. Udaya K. Madawala’s Distinguished Lecture on 2 September 2024 [Society News]
  39. Prof. Xiaosong Hu’s Distinguished Lecture on Advanced Battery Management Algorithms [Society News]
  40. Senior IEEE Industrial Electronics Society administrative Committee members [Society News]
  41. The 2025 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Administrative Committee Voting Members [Society News]
  42. The 2025 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Technical Committee Chairs [Society News]
  43. The 2025 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Technical Committee Chairs [Society News]
  44. The Third IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Online Conference [Society News]
  45. Three More IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Standards Established! [Society News]
  46. A Cost-Effective Nonresonant Inverter Topology for Domestic Induction Heating
  47. In vivo reduction of biofilm seeded on orthopaedic implants
  48. INDIN 2024: A Hub for Global Innovation in Industrial Informatics [Society News]
  49. Prof. Dr. Saad Mekhilef Gives a Distinguished Lecture at the University of Malaya, Malaysia [Society News]
  50. Prof. Kaushik Rajashekara Gives a Distinguished Lecture at the Indian Institute of Science [Society News]
  51. Professor Qinglong Han Gives a Distinguished Lecture at the IES Shanghai Chapter [Society News]
  52. Second Summer School on “Electrical Machines and Drives for Green Transportation Systems” [Society News]
  53. The 18th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG 2024) [Society News]
  54. The 20th Anniversary of the IES Electrical Machines Technical Committee [Society News]
  55. The 29th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2024) [Society News]
  56. Prof. Sheldon Williamson Presents an IES Distinguished Lecture on Powering the Future: Innovations in Power Electronics for Advanced E-Mobility Charging [Society News]
  57. Prof. Wei Xu Presents a Distinguished Lecture on Advances in Design and Control for Linear Induction Machines and Drive Systems [Society News]
  58. The 20th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems [Society News]
  59. The 33rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics [Society News]
  60. The Seventh IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems [Society News]
  61. A new efficiency figure of merit for induction heating appliances operating under highly variable operating conditions
  62. A portable induction heating system for implanted prosthesis disinfection
  63. Dr. Sheldon Williamson Presents a Distinguished Lecture on 17 January 2024 [Society News]
  64. Prof. Sri Niwas Singh Delivers a Distinguished Lecture at the IEEE IES Madhya Pradesh Chapter [Society News]
  65. 2024 Editors-in-Chief [Society News]
  66. 2024 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Officers [Society News]
  67. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Administrative Committee Senior and Life Members [Society News]
  68. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Has Another New IEEE Standard! [Society News]
  69. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Members Elevated to IEEE Fellows [Society News]
  70. International Forum on Cutting-Edge Interdisciplinary Intelligent Science and Technology [Society News]
  71. New Members-At-Large Of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Administrative Committee [Society News]
  72. Power Electronics, Machines, and Control Electrification Workshop [Society News]
  73. Prof. Gerard-André Capolino Delivers a Distinguished Lecture at the First Summer School on “Electrical Machines and Drives for Green Transportation Systems” [Society News]
  74. Prof. Joachim Holtz Gives a Distinguished Lecture at Tianjin University in China [Society News]
  75. Prof. Kamal Al-Haddad Delivers a Distinguished Lecture for the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Student Branch Chapter [Society News]
  76. Prof. Leopoldo G. Franquelo Delivers a Distinguished Lecture for the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Student Branch Chapter [Society News]
  77. Prof. Qinglong Han Delivers a Distinguished Lecture at the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Shanghai Chapter [Society News]
  78. Prof. Saad Mekhilef Gives a Distinguished Lecture at the University of Malaya [Society News]
  79. Prof. Shihua Li Gives Distinguished Lectures at Murdoch University [Society News]
  80. Senior and Life Administrative Committee Member Cluster Delegates [Society News]
  81. The 2024 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Technical Committee Chairs [Society News]
  82. The 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society [Society News]
  83. A Versatile Switched-Mode Large-Signal GaN-Based Low-Distortion Arbitrary Waveform Generator
  84. Design and Experimental Verification of a Bidirectional EV On-Board Charger Featuring Multiphase Operation in Full Power/Voltage Ranges
  85. High Power Density On-Board Charger Featuring Power Pulsating Buffer
  86. 2023 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Awards [Society News]
  87. 21st IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics in Lemgo, Germany: Technology Transfer at Its Best [Society News]
  88. Erratum
  89. Milos Manic Inducted Into the U.S. National Academy of Inventors as a Senior Member [Society News]
  90. Prof. Loi Lei Lai Delivered a Virtual Distinguished Lecture at the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society U.K. and Ireland Section, United Kingdom, 16 August 2023 [Society News]
  91. The 28th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation [Society News]
  92. The 32nd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics [Society News]
  93. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology [Society News]
  94. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics [Society News]
  95. 2023 International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics, and Power Engineering [Society News]
  96. A Promising Future With Resilient Power [Society News]
  97. First IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Workshop on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion [Society News]
  98. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Holds Vision 2030 Workshop [Society News]
  99. Prof. G. Kumar Venayagamoorthy Delivers a Distinguished Lecture in Poland [Society News]
  100. Prof. Gopakumar Delivers a Distinguished Lecture at New Horizon College of Engineering [Society News]
  101. Prof. Kamal Al-Haddad Receives the IEEE Medal in Power Engineering [Society News]
  102. Prof. Sheldon Williamson Delivers a Distinguished Lecture for ETS Montréal [Society News]
  103. Prof. Yang Shi Delivers a Distinguished Lecture for Northwestern Polytechnical University [Society News]
  104. Allen Chen a Standards Medallion Recipient at IEEE 2022 IEEE SA Awards Ceremony [Society News]
  105. Electroporation Pulse Generator for Biomedical Applications With Improved Output Voltage Ripple and Reduced Bus Capacitor
  106. Errata
  107. GaN-Based Matrix Resonant Power Converter for Domestic Induction Heating
  108. Novel Bidirectional Universal 1-Phase/3-Phase-Input Unity Power Factor Differential AC/DC Converter
  109. 2023 Editors-in-Chief [Society News]
  110. 2023 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Officers [Society News]
  111. Breaking News! The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Standards TC Has Successfully Completed a New IEEE Standard! [Society News]
  112. Call for IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Award Nominations [Society News]
  113. Dual-Output Extended-Power-Range Quasi-Resonant Inverter for Induction Heating Appliances
  114. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Achievements in IEEE Standards! [Society News]
  115. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Members Elevated to IEEE Fellows [Society News]
  116. Meet Dr. Yu Yuan, President of the IEEE Standards Association and IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Member [Society News]
  117. New Members-at-Large of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Administrative Committee [Society News]
  118. Prof. Kamal Al-Haddad Receives the IEEE Medal in Power Engineering [Society News]
  119. The 2023 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Technical Committee Chairs [Society News]
  120. The 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society [Society News]
  121. Multiple Output Inverter and Monitoring System for Homogeneous Electroporation
  122. Series-Resonant Matrix Inverter With Asymmetrical Modulation for Improved Power Factor Correction in Flexible Induction Heating Appliances
  123. 2022 IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Awards [Society News]
  124. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology [Society News]
  125. Prof. Joachim Holtz Gives a Distinguished Lecture at Eastern Mediterranean University [Society News]
  126. Deep Learning Implementation of Model Predictive Control for Multioutput Resonant Converters
  127. Mains-Synchronized Pulse Density Modulation Strategy Applied to a ZVS Resonant Matrix Inverter
  128. Multiphase PFC Rectifier and Modulation Strategies for Domestic Induction Heating Applications
  129. Analytical Formulation of Copper Loss of Litz Wire With Multiple Levels of Twisting Using Measurable Parameters
  130. Constant-Current Gate Driver for GaN HEMTs Applied to Resonant Power Conversion
  131. Multi-Electrode Architecture Modeling and Optimization for Homogeneous Electroporation of Large Volumes of Tissue
  132. Industrial Electronics Education: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives
  133. Asymmetrical Noncomplementary Modulation Strategies for Independent Power Control in Multioutput Resonant Inverters
  134. Emerging Trends in Industrial Electronics
  135. Deep Learning-Based Model Predictive Control for Resonant Power Converters
  136. Real-Time Impedance Monitoring During Electroporation Processes in Vegetal Tissue Using a High-Performance Generator
  137. Development of new high-performance induction heating systems using model predictive control1
  138. Successful Tumor Electrochemotherapy Using Sine Waves
  139. A Review of Very High Frequency Power Converters and Related Technologies
  140. A Review of High Frequency Power Converters and Related Technologies
  141. Computing in the Blink of an Eye: Current Possibilities for Edge Computing and Hardware-Agnostic Programming
  142. GaN-Based Versatile Waveform Generator for Biomedical Applications of Electroporation
  143. Industrial Electronics for Biomedicine: A New Cancer Treatment Using Electroporation
  144. Multiresonant Power Converter for Improved Dual-Frequency Induction Heating
  145. High-Performance and Cost-Effective ZCS Matrix Resonant Inverter for Total Active Surface Induction Heating Appliances
  146. Multiple-Output ZVS Resonant Inverter Architecture for Flexible Induction Heating Appliances
  147. FPGA-Based Resonant Load Identification Technique for Flexible Induction Heating Appliances
  148. Design and Experimental Analysis of PFC Rectifiers for Domestic Induction Heating Applications
  149. A Versatile Resonant Tank Identification Methodology for Induction Heating Systems
  150. Optimized FPGA Implementation of Model Predictive Control for Embedded Systems Using High-Level Synthesis Tool
  151. Review of Silicon Carbide Power Devices and Their Applications
  152. Improved Litz wire manufacture process using resonant power converter-based induction heating
  153. Design of power converters for induction heating applications taking advantage of wide-bandgap semiconductors
  154. Interleaved Resonant Boost Inverter Featuring SiC Module for High-Performance Induction Heating
  155. Heat Management in Power Converters: From State of the Art to Future Ultrahigh Efficiency Systems
  156. Dual-Output Boost Resonant Full-Bridge Topology and its Modulation Strategies for High-Performance Induction Heating Applications
  157. A Versatile Multilevel Converter Platform for Cancer Treatment Using Irreversible Electroporation
  158. Operating Conditions Monitoring for High Power Density and Cost-Effective Resonant Power Converters
  159. Soft-Stop Optimal Trajectory Control for Improved Performance of the Series-Resonant Multiinverter for Domestic Induction Heating Applications
  160. A Comparative Evaluation of SiC Power Devices for High-Performance Domestic Induction Heating
  161. Analytical Model of the Half-Bridge Series Resonant Inverter for Improved Power Conversion Efficiency and Performance
  162. Phase-shift modulation in double half-bridge inverter with common resonant capacitor for induction heating appliances
  163. Implementation of an FPGA-Based Online Hardware-in-the-Loop Emulator Using High-Level Synthesis Tools for Resonant Power Converters Applied to Induction Heating Appliances
  164. Advanced induction heating appliances using high-voltage GaN gate injection transistors
  165. Power Measurement for Resonant Power Converters Applied to Induction Heating Applications
  166. Efficiency improvement of switched-mode power converters under light-load conditions
  167. Experimental evaluation of dynamic load changes in flexible induction heating appliances
  168. Improved Operation of SiC–BJT-Based Series Resonant Inverter With Optimized Base Drive
  169. Soft-stop optimal trajectory control for improved operation of the series resonant multi-inverter
  170. Multi-MOSFET-Based Series Resonant Inverter for Improved Efficiency and Power Density Induction Heating Applications
  171. Design of an FPGA-based full-state feedback controller using high level synthesis tools
  172. A Class-E Direct AC–AC Converter With Multicycle Modulation for Induction Heating Systems
  173. Analysis and Implementation of FPGA-Based Online Parametric Identification Algorithms for Resonant Power Converters
  174. Design and Evaluation of a Low-Cost High-Performance $ \Sigma$–$\Delta$ ADC for Embedded Control Systems in Induction Heating Appliances
  175. Design and Implementation of a High-Efficiency Multiple-Output Resonant Converter for Induction Heating Applications Featuring Wide Bandgap Devices
  176. Efficient and Cost-Effective ZCS Direct AC–AC Resonant Converter for Induction Heating
  177. Induction Heating Technology and Its Applications: Past Developments, Current Technology, and Future Challenges
  178. Introduction to the Special Section on Induction Heating Systems
  179. An FPGA-Based Gain-Scheduled Controller for Resonant Converters Applied to Induction Cooktops
  180. Direct AC–AC Resonant Boost Converter for Efficient Domestic Induction Heating Applications
  181. Full-bridge quasi-resonant class-DE inverter for optimized high frequency operation with GaN HEMT devices
  182. SiC BJT-based full-ZCS quasi-resonant converter with improved efficiency for induction heating applications
  183. Thermal design optimization of a high-efficiency resonant converter based on multi-MOSFET cells using the Pareto analysis
  184. Analysis and design of high-efficiency resonant inverters for domestic induction heating applications
  185. A comparative evaluation of high-efficiency resonant converters for domestic induction heating
  186. FPGA-Based Virtual Screening Acceleration of Rigid-Molecule Docking
  187. Multi-platform simulator for resonant power converter courses
  188. Synthesized voice videos for reusable learning objects
  189. Teaching digital electronics courses using high-level synthesis tools
  190. Induction Heating Appliances: Toward More Flexible Cooking Surfaces
  191. Computational Modeling of Two Partly Coupled Coils Supplied by a Double Half-Bridge Resonant Inverter for Induction Heating Appliances
  192. FPGA-Based Test-Bench for Resonant Inverter Load Characterization
  193. High-Level Synthesis for Accelerating the FPGA Implementation of Computationally Demanding Control Algorithms for Power Converters
  194. Modulation Scheme for Improved Operation of an RB-IGBT-Based Resonant Inverter Applied to Domestic Induction Heating
  195. Class-D/DE Dual-Mode-Operation Resonant Converter for Improved-Efficiency Domestic Induction Heating System
  196. Design of household appliances for a Dc-based nanogrid system: An induction heating cooktop study case
  197. FPGA implementation of a gain-scheduled controller for transient optimization of resonant converters applied to induction heating
  198. High-efficiency high-power density series resonant inverter based on a multi-Mosfet cell implementation
  199. Optimal trajectory control for series resonant converters applied to domestic induction heating
  200. Series resonant inverter with active snubber circuit for improved efficiency operation applied to domestic induction heating
  201. Mutual Impedance of Small Ring-Type Coils for Multiwinding Induction Heating Appliances
  202. Analysis of the Mutual Inductance of Planar-Lumped Inductive Power Transfer Systems
  203. High-efficiency parallel quasi-resonant current source inverter featuring SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors for induction heating systems with coupled inductors
  204. Interview
  205. Optimal gate drive circuit design for ZVS operation of SiC-JFET devices
  206. FPGA-based 2nd-order sigma-delta A/D converter for current measurement for resonant power converters
  207. First harmonic equivalent impedance of coupled inductive loads for induction heating applications
  208. High-efficiency power converters for domestic induction heating applications
  209. Modeling and simulation of power converter systems using SystemC system-level description language
  210. Modeling of resonant inverters with high harmonic content using the extended describing function method
  211. High Efficiency AC–AC Power Electronic Converter Applied to Domestic Induction Heating
  212. Multiple-Output Resonant Matrix Converter for Multiple Induction Heaters
  213. Synchronous FPGA-Based High-Resolution Implementations of Digital Pulse-Width Modulators
  214. Educational opportunities based on the university-industry synergies in an open innovation framework
  215. Dual-mode-operation half-bridge resonant converter for improved-efficiency induction heating system
  216. Efficiency improvement of domestic induction appliances using variable inductor-load distance
  217. Frequency response measurement of DC-DC converters using a lock-in algorithm
  218. Frequency-dependent modelling of domestic induction heating systems using numerical methods for accurate time-domain simulation
  219. On the design of reset systems with unstable base: A fixed reset-time approach
  220. Bridging the gap between research and teaching: An application example in power electronics education
  221. Development of a multidisciplinary hands-on training test-bench for an Electronic Engineering master
  222. FEA tool based model of partly coupled coils used in domestic induction cookers
  223. FPGA-based digital control implementation of a power converter for teaching purposes
  224. FPGA-based real-time harmonic impedance measurement of series resonant loads by using lock-in algorithm
  225. Hybrid full/half wave inverter designed for low cost induction heating appliances
  226. Pulse delay control strategy for improved power control and efficiency in multiple resonant load systems
  227. Series Resonant Multiinverter with Discontinuous-Mode Control for Improved Light-Load Operation
  228. An application of the impedance boundary condition for the design of coils used in domestic induction heating systems
  229. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of FPGA embedded processor based controls for power electronics
  230. An application example to gain an insight into the electromagnetic quasistatic approach concept for graduate students
  231. Analysis and Modeling of Planar Concentric Windings Forming Adaptable-Diameter Burners for Induction Heating Appliances
  232. Educational activities and results obtained from a University-Industry collaborative framework experience
  233. A Versatile Power Electronics Test-Bench Architecture Applied to Domestic Induction Heating
  234. Analysis of the coupling between small ring-type coils used in adaptable-size burners for domestic induction heating hobs
  235. FPGA-based harmonic computation through 1-bit data stream signals from delta-sigma modulators applied to induction heating appliances
  236. High Frequency Pulse Density Modulation for cost-effective and efficient multiple induction-heater architectures
  237. Multiple-output resonant matrix converter for multiple-inductive-load systems
  238. Passive network equivalent of an induction system for domestic cookers applications based on FEA tool simulation
  239. Real-Time FPGA-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Test Bench Applied to Multiple-Output Power Converters
  240. Configurable snubber network for efficiency optimisation of resonant converters applied to multi-load induction heating
  241. Interview
  242. Phase-shift control of dual half-bridge inverter feeding coupled loads for induction heating purposes
  243. Series resonant inverter with selective harmonic operation applied to all-metal domestic induction heating
  244. Educational reconfigurable platform for courses on power electronics
  245. Experimental setup for inductive efficiency measurements of domestic induction systems based on energy balance
  246. FPGA-based real-time calculation of the harmonic impedance of series resonant inductive loads
  247. Low-cost magnetic levitation system for electronics learning
  248. Series resonant multi-inverter with discontinuous-mode control for improved light-load operation
  249. Series-Resonant Multiinverter for Multiple Induction Heaters
  250. Efficiency-Oriented Design of ZVS Half-Bridge Series Resonant Inverter With Variable Frequency Duty Cycle Control
  251. FPGA-based high resolution synchronous digital pulse width modulator
  252. Identification of the material properties used in domestic induction heating appliances for system-level simulation and design purposes
  253. Modeling of adaptable-diameter burners formed by concentric planar windings for domestic induction heating applications
  254. Multiple-output resonant inverter topology for multi-inductor loads
  255. Real-time FPGA-based Hardware-in-the-Loop development test-bench for multiple output power converters
  256. Resonant inverter topologies for three concentric planar windings applied to domestic induction heating
  257. Word Length Selection Method for Controller Implementation on FPGAs Using the VHDL-2008 Fixed-Point and Floating-Point Packages
  258. FPGA implementation of a digital controller for a dc-dc converter using floating point arithmetic
  259. System-on-programmable-chip-based versatile modulation architecture applied to domestic induction heating
  260. Load-Adaptive Control Algorithm of Half-Bridge Series Resonant Inverter for Domestic Induction Heating
  261. Word length selection method based on mixed simulation for digital PID controllers implemented in FPGA