All Stories

  1. A novel model to study the impact of gender-affirming therapy on bone in young male mice

    Article • Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, January 2026, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  2. Testosterone Therapy in Adult Males with Hypogonadism

    Article • European Urology, December 2025, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  3. Age-Stratified Reference Ranges for Directly Measured Serum Free Testosterone in Community-Dwelling and Healthy Men

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, September 2025, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  4. OC54 - Role of steroid hormone-binding proteins on the bioactivity of 11-oxygenated androgens

    Article • European Journal of Endocrinology, September 2025, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  5. Letter to Editor from Yeap et al: “Endogenous sex steroid hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies”

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, July 2025, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio, Professor Leon Flicker

  6. The 36th ENTIS (European Network of Teratology Information Services) conference abstracts, September 11th–14th, 2025, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Article • Neurotoxicology and Teratology, July 2025, Elsevier

    Professor karel allegaert , Dr Leen Antonio

  7. The hormonal regulation of men’s sexual desire, arousal, and penile erection: recommendations from the fifth international consultation on sexual medicine (ICSM 2024)

    Article • Sexual Medicine Reviews, June 2025, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  8. Variability in SHBG assays and the effect thereof on calculated estimates of free testosterone

    Article • Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, June 2025, SAGE Publications

    Dr Leen Antonio

  9. Cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy—Insights from the TRAVERSE trial and beyond: A position statement of the European Expert Panel for Testosterone Research

    Article • Andrology, May 2025, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  10. LOW 25-HYDROXY-VITAMIN D3 CONCENTRATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL SYMPTOMS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER MEN

    Article • The Journal of Sexual Medicine, May 2025, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  11. ASSESSMENT OF MALE ANDROGEN EXPOSURE: A SURVEY ON MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING OF TOTAL TESTOSTERONE, SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN, AND FREE TESTOSTERONE IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES ACROSS EUROPE

    Article • The Journal of Sexual Medicine, May 2025, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  12. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses

    Article • European Journal of Endocrinology, April 2025, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  13. Determination of Androgen Bioactivity by an In Vitro Assay During Pubertal Transition in Healthy Boys

    Article • Clinical Endocrinology, April 2025, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  14. Association between pubertal timing and bone and body composition in young adult men

    Article • Scientific Reports, March 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  15. A survey on measurement and reporting of total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone in clinical laboratories in Europe

    Article • Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), March 2025, De Gruyter

    Dr Leen Antonio

  16. No longer to be ignored: Hypophosphatemia following intravenous iron administration

    Article • Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, December 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  17. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses

    Article • European Journal of Endocrinology, October 2024, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio, Professor Leon Flicker

  18. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism as First Presentation of the Severe Neuroendocrine Disorder Caused by RNF216

    Article • JCEM Case Reports, October 2024, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  19. Use of calculated free testosterone in men: advantages and limitations

    Article • Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity, October 2024, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Leen Antonio

  20. Male hypogonadism: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management

    Article • The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, October 2024, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  21. Vitamin D status in children

    Article • Jornal de Pediatria, July 2024, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  22. The Effect of Endurance Exercise on Semen Quality in Male Athletes: A Systematic Review

    Article • Sports Medicine - Open, June 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  23. Evidence-based definition of hypoprolactinemia in European men aged 40–86 years: the European male ageing study

    Article • Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, June 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  24. Associations of Testosterone and Related Hormones With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Men

    Article • Annals of Internal Medicine, June 2024, American College of Physicians

    Dr Leen Antonio, Professor Leon Flicker

  25. Comprehensive vitamin d analysis: LC-MS/MS profiling of eight vitamin D metabolites for enhanced biochemical evaluation of vitamin D (PATHO)physiology in the clinical laboratory

    Article • Clinica Chimica Acta, May 2024, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  26. (234) TEMPORAL EVOLUTION IN TESTOSTERONE MEASUREMENTS AND DOSES OF TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY REIMBURSED BY THE BELGIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM BETWEEN 2013 AND 2019

    Article • The Journal of Sexual Medicine, May 2024, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  27. Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) as an indicator of leydig cell insufficiency (LCI) in Middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism: reference range and threshold

    Article • The Aging Male, April 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Leen Antonio

  28. SHBG Gene Polymorphisms and Their Influence on Serum SHBG, Total and Free Testosterone Concentrations in Men

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, April 2024, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  29. APHRODITE criteria: addressing male patients with hypogonadism and/or infertility owing to altered idiopathic testicular function

    Article • Reproductive BioMedicine Online, April 2024, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio, Dr Sandro C Esteves

  30. Impact of hyperprolactinemia on sexual function

    Article • The Journal of Sexual Medicine, February 2024, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  31. Does testosterone influence the association between sleep and frailty in men: results from the European Male Aging Study

    Article • BMC Geriatrics, December 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  32. Changes in bone and mineral homeostasis after short-term androgen deprivation therapy with or without androgen receptor signalling inhibitor – substudy of a single-centre, double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

    Article • EBioMedicine, November 2023, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  33. Hyponatremia, hypernatremia and impairment of functional, psychological and sexual domains

    Article • Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, October 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  34. Testosterone Restores Body Composition, Bone Mass, and Bone Strength Following Early Puberty Suppression in a Mouse Model Mimicking the Clinical Strategy in Trans Boys

    Article • Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, October 2023, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  35. Number of CAG repeats and mortality in middle aged and older men

    Article • Clinical Endocrinology, September 2023, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  36. Factors Associated With Circulating Sex Hormones in Men

    Article • Annals of Internal Medicine, September 2023, American College of Physicians

    Dr Leen Antonio, Professor Leon Flicker

  37. Sarcopenia‐defining parameters, but not sarcopenia, are associated with cognitive domains in middle‐aged and older European men

    Article • Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, April 2023, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  38. The effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in Klinefelter syndrome: A retrospective cohort study

    Article • Andrology, February 2023, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  39. Implementation of a care pathway based computerized order entry system streamlines test ordering and offers tools for benchmarking clinical practice

    Article • Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, January 2023, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  40. Effects of treatment for diabetes mellitus on testosterone concentrations: A systematic review

    Article • Andrology, November 2022, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  41. The Leydig cell biomarker INSL3 as a predictor of age-related morbidity: Findings from the EMAS cohort

    Article • Frontiers in Endocrinology, November 2022, Frontiers

    Dr Leen Antonio

  42. Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology

    Article • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, October 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  43. Reproductive hormone levels, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and their longitudinal relationships with decline in cognitive subdomains in men: The European Male Ageing Study.

    Article • Physiology & Behavior, August 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  44. Bone health in ageing men

    Article • Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, July 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  45. Association of age, hormonal, and lifestyle factors with the Leydig cell biomarker INSL3 in aging men from the European Male Aging Study cohort

    Article • Andrology, July 2022, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  46. The number of androgen receptor CAG repeats and mortality in men

    Article • The Aging Male, June 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Leen Antonio

  47. Inactivation of AR or ERα in Extrahypothalamic Neurons Does not Affect Osteogenic Response to Loading in Male Mice

    Article • Endocrinology, May 2022, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  48. Binding affinity affecting SHBG SNPs do not majorly affect calculated estimates of free testosterone

    Article • Endocrine Abstracts, May 2022, Bioscientifica

    Dr Leen Antonio

  49. Erectile dysfunction predicts mortality in middle-aged and older men independent of their sex steroid status

    Article • Age and Ageing, April 2022, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  50. Calcifediol (25OH Vitamin D3) Deficiency: A Risk Factor from Early to Old Age

    Article • Nutrients, March 2022, MDPI AG

    Dr Leen Antonio

  51. Sex Steroid Actions in the Male

    Article • March 2022, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  52. Associations of Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With Incident Cardiovascular Events in Middle-Aged to Older Men

    Article • Annals of Internal Medicine, February 2022, American College of Physicians

    Dr Leen Antonio

  53. Lower serum testosterone concentrations are associated with a higher incidence of dementia in men: The UK Biobank prospective cohort study

    Article • Alzheimer s & Dementia, January 2022, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio, Professor Leon Flicker

  54. The impact of androgen deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in men treated for paraphilic disorder: A retrospective cohort study

    Article • Andrology, December 2021, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  55. Aging Men With Insufficient Vitamin D Have a Higher Mortality Risk: No Added Value of its Free Fractions or Active Form

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, October 2021, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  56. Inflammatory markers are associated with quality of life, physical activity, and gait speed but not sarcopenia in aged men (40–79 years)

    Article • Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, September 2021, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  57. Self-Reported Shorter Than Desired Ejaculation Latency and Related Distress—Prevalence and Clinical Correlates: Results From the European Male Ageing Study

    Article • The Journal of Sexual Medicine, May 2021, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  58. Novel model to study the physiological effects of temporary or prolonged sex steroid deficiency in male mice

    Article • AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, March 2021, American Physiological Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  59. Testosterone Reduces Body Fat in Male Mice by Stimulation of Physical Activity Via Extrahypothalamic ERα Signaling

    Article • Endocrinology, March 2021, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  60. Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy

    Article • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, December 2020, MDPI AG

    Dr Leen Antonio

  61. Serum Testosterone is Inversely and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin is Directly Associated with All-cause Mortality in Men

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, October 2020, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  62. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical influences on serum testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin in men from UK Biobank

    Article • Clinical Endocrinology, October 2020, Wiley

    Professor Leon Flicker, Dr Leen Antonio

  63. High serum FSH is not a risk factor for low bone mineral density in infertile men

    Article • Endocrine Abstracts, August 2020, Bioscientifica

    Dr Leen Antonio

  64. Free 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but not free 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D, predicts all-cause mortality in ageing men

    Article • Endocrine Abstracts, August 2020, Bioscientifica

    Dr Leen Antonio

  65. Neoplasia in Turner syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral centre in Belgium

    Article • Acta Clinica Belgica, August 2020, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Leen Antonio

  66. Early effects of androgen deprivation on bone and mineral homeostasis in adult men: a prospective cohort study

    Article • European Journal of Endocrinology, August 2020, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  67. High serum FSH is not a risk factor for low bone mineral density in infertile men

    Article • Bone, July 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  68. Androgens In Men Study (AIMS): protocol for meta-analyses of individual participant data investigating associations of androgens with health outcomes in men

    Article • BMJ Open, May 2020, BMJ

    Professor Leon Flicker, Dr Leen Antonio

  69. Estrogen receptor alpha signaling in extrahypothalamic neurons during late puberty decreases bone size and strength in female but not in male mice

    Article • The FASEB Journal, April 2020, Wiley

    Harry van Lenthe, Dr Leen Antonio

  70. Nutritional rickets: Historic overview and plan for worldwide eradication

    Article • The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, April 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  71. Vitamin D Binding Protein: A Historic Overview

    Article • Frontiers in Endocrinology, January 2020, Frontiers

    Dr Leen Antonio

  72. Aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators: Unconventional therapies for functional hypogonadism?

    Article • Andrology, December 2019, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  73. Bone mineral density is preserved in men with idiopathic infertility

    Article • Andrology, August 2019, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  74. Testicular vein sampling can reveal gonadotropin-independent unilateral steroidogenesis supporting spermatogenesis

    Article • Journal of the Endocrine Society, July 2019, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  75. Testosterone replacement in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism maintains bone density but has only limited osteoanabolic effects

    Article • Andrology, March 2019, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  76. Endogenous testosterone supports spermatogenesis even in the absence of gonadotrophins: evidence from a case report

    Article • Endocrine Abstracts, October 2018, Bioscientifica

    Dr Leen Antonio

  77. Free Testosterone Reflects Metabolic as well as Ovarian Disturbances in Subfertile Oligomenorrheic Women

    Article • International Journal of Endocrinology, September 2018, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Dr Leen Antonio, Jaak Billen, Frank Claessens

  78. Symptomatic androgen deficiency develops only when both total and free testosterone decline in obese men who may have incident biochemical secondary hypogonadism: Prospective results from the EMAS

    Article • Clinical Endocrinology, July 2018, Wiley

    Mario Maggi, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Dr Leen Antonio

  79. Endogenous testosterone supports spermatogenesis even in the absence of gonadotrophins: evidence from a case report

    Article • Endocrine Abstracts, May 2018, Bioscientifica

    Dr Leen Antonio

  80. EAA clinical guideline on management of bone health in the andrological outpatient clinic

    Article • Andrology, March 2018, Wiley

    Professor Vincenzo - Rochira, Dr Leen Antonio

  81. Glycemia but not the Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Cognitive Decline: Findings from the European Male Ageing Study

    Article • American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, June 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  82. Effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on androgen bioactivity in vitro

    Article • Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio

  83. Sex hormone-binding globulin regulation of androgen bioactivity in vivo: validation of the free hormone hypothesis

    Article • Scientific Reports, October 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  84. Natural history, risk factors and clinical features of primary hypogonadism in ageing men: Longitudinal Data from the European Male Ageing Study

    Article • Clinical Endocrinology, August 2016, Wiley

    Dr Leen Antonio

  85. Testosterone Treatment in Older Men

    Article • The New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Collateral Branches of Science, July 2016, New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS)

    Dr Leen Antonio

  86. Low Free Testosterone Is Associated with Hypogonadal Signs and Symptoms in Men with Normal Total Testosterone

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, July 2016, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  87. Evaluation of cognitive subdomains, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the European Male Ageing Study

    Article • European Journal of Nutrition, July 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  88. Lower bone turnover and relative bone deficits in men with metabolic syndrome: a matter of insulin sensitivity? The European Male Ageing Study

    Article • Osteoporosis International, June 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  89. Androgen Deficiency Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Male Mice

    Article • Endocrinology, February 2016, Endocrine Society

    Frank Claessens, Dr Louise Deldicque, Dr Leen Antonio

  90. Low free testosterone is associated with hypogonadal signs and symptoms in men with normal total testosterone levels: results from the European Male Ageing Study

    Article • Archives of Public Health, September 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  91. Development of and Recovery from Secondary Hypogonadism in Aging Men: Prospective Results from the EMAS

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, August 2015, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  92. Low free testosterone is associated with hypogonadal symptoms in men with normal total testosterone levels: results from the European Male Ageing Study

    Article • Endocrine Abstracts, May 2015, Bioscientifica

    Dr Leen Antonio

  93. Workshop Abstracts (ECTS/IBMS 2015)

    Article • IBMS BoneKEy, April 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  94. Associations Between Sex Steroids and the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study in European Men

    Article • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, April 2015, Endocrine Society

    Dr Leen Antonio

  95. What Determines the Difference in DNA Binding Between the Androgen and the Glucocorticoid Receptors?

    Article • January 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  96. Androgens and estrogens in skeletal sexual dimorphism

    Article • Asian Journal of Andrology, January 2014, Medknow

    Dr Leen Antonio

  97. Sensitive routine liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for serum estradiol and estrone without derivatization

    Article • Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, July 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Leen Antonio

  98. Late-Onset Hypogonadism

    Article • Medical Clinics of North America, May 2011, Elsevier

    Dr Leen Antonio