All Stories

  1. Peace talks as a card game

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, May 2025, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  2. Most metaphors can mean more than one thing

    Article • Metaphor and Symbol, October 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  3. Thinking by metaphor, fast and slow: Deliberate Metaphor Theory offers a new model for metaphor and its comprehension

    Article • Frontiers in Psychology, September 2023, Frontiers

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  4. Slowing Metaphor Down

    Article • May 2023, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  5. Attractive or repellent? How right-wing populist voters respond to figuratively framed anti-immigration rhetoric

    Article • Communications, December 2022, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  6. Metaphor in The Cancer Poetry Project

    Article • September 2022, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  7. Introduction

    Article • September 2022, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  8. Dynamism in Metaphor and Beyond

    Article • August 2022, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  9. The use of clarificatory metaphors in argumentative discourse in British Public Bill Committee debates

    Article • Text & Talk - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language Discourse Communication Studies, February 2022, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  10. Experimental Approaches to Pragmatics

    Article • January 2022, Frontiers

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  11. How do scientists criticize the computer metaphor of the brain?

    Article • Journal of Argumentation in Context, July 2021, John Benjamins

    Andreas Finsen, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Jean H.M. Wagemans

  12. “For crying out loud, don't call me a warrior”: Standpoints of resistance against violence metaphors for cancer

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, March 2021, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  13. Violence metaphors for cancer

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, May 2020, John Benjamins

    José Plug, Dunja Wackers, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  14. The role of co-text in the analysis of potentially deliberate metaphor

    Article • April 2020, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  15. An argumentative reconstruction of the computer metaphor of the brain

    Article • Journal of Argumentation in Context, December 2019, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Jean H.M. Wagemans, Andreas Finsen

  16. Metaphor in communication: the distribution of potentially deliberate metaphor across register and word class

    Article • Corpora, November 2019, Edinburgh University Press

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  17. How to identify moral language in presidential speeches: A comparison between a social-psychological and a cognitive-linguistic approach to corpus analysis

    Article • Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, October 2019, De Gruyter

    Kiki Renardel de Lavalette, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  18. Deliberate metaphors and embodied simulation

    Article • September 2019, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  19. I did not say that the government should be plundering anybody’s savings

    Article • Journal of Language and Politics, June 2019, John Benjamins

    Dr Corina Andone, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Kiki Renardel de Lavalette

  20. Perspectives on Abstract Concepts

    Article • May 2019, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Marianna Bolognesi

  21. Figurative analogies and how they are resisted in British Public Bill Committee debates

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, May 2019, John Benjamins

    Dr Corina Andone, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Kiki Renardel de Lavalette

  22. Visual Metaphor

    Article • November 2018, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  23. Chapter 8. Conclusion

    Article • November 2018, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  24. Chapter 5. Behavioral evidence for VISMIP

    Article • November 2018, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  25. On metaphorical views, dynamite, and doodlings

    Article • Review of Cognitive Linguistics, November 2018, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  26. General image understanding in visual metaphor identification

    Article • ODISEA Revista de estudios ingleses, April 2018, Editorial Universidad de Almeiria

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  27. Metaphor, hyperbole, and irony: Uses in isolation and in combination in written discourse

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, April 2018, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  28. Tipping Points and Climate Change: Metaphor Between Science and the Media

    Article • Environmental Communication, March 2018, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  29. Chapter 4. Introducing a three-dimensional model of verbal irony

    Article • November 2017, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  30. DMIP: A Method for Identifying Potentially Deliberate Metaphor in Language Use

    Article • Corpus Pragmatics, October 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  31. Attention to Metaphor: Where Embodied Cognition and Social Interaction Can Meet, But May Not Often Do So

    Article • June 2017, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  32. Recategorizing political frames: a systematic review of metaphorical framing in experiments on political communication

    Article • Annals of the International Communication Association, April 2017, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  33. The Routledge Handbook of Pragmatics

    Article • January 2017, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Dawn E Archer, Professor Anne Barron, Nicole Baumgarten, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  34. Pragmatics Broadly Viewed

    Article • January 2017, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Anne Barron, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  35. Deliberate Metaphor Theory: Basic assumptions, main tenets, urgent issues

    Article • Intercultural Pragmatics, January 2017, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  36. VU Amsterdam Metaphor Corpus

    Article • January 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  37. “Smoking Is Sóóó ... Sandals and White Socks”: Co-Creation of a Dutch Anti-Smoking Campaign to Change Social Norms

    Article • Health Communication, June 2016, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  38. Genre in Language, Discourse and Cognition

    Article • May 2016, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  39. Genre in Language, Discourse and Cognition: Introduction to the volume

    Article • May 2016, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  40. Figurative Framing: Shaping Public Discourse Through Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Irony

    Article • Communication Theory, April 2016, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  41. Chapter 6. Mixed metaphor is a question of deliberateness

    Article • March 2016, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  42. Developing, testing and interpreting Deliberate Metaphor Theory

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, December 2015, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  43. How viruses and beasts affect our opinions (or not)

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, September 2015, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  44. When Do Natural Language Metaphors Influence Reasoning? A Follow-Up Study to Thibodeau and Boroditsky (2013)

    Article • PLOS One, December 2014, PLOS

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  45. Metaphor studies in retrospect and prospect

    Article • Review of Cognitive Linguistics, October 2014, John Benjamins

    Dr Joanna Gavins, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  46. Economic competition is like auto racing

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, May 2014, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  47. Review of Steen, Dorst, Herrmann, Kaal, Krennmayr & Pasma (2010): A Method for Linguistic Metaphor Identification: From MIP to MIPVU

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, May 2014, John Benjamins

    Dr Paula Pérez-Sobrino, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  48. Web-based depression treatment: Associations of clients׳ word use with adherence and outcome

    Article • Journal of Affective Disorders, May 2014, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  49. Genres of Discourse and the Definition of Literature

    Article • December 2013, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  50. Processing visual metaphor

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, July 2013, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  51. The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!

    Article • January 2013, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  52. Finding Metaphor in Grammar and Usageby Gerard J. Steen

    Article • Metaphor and Symbol, April 2012, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  53. Recognition of personifications in fiction by non-expert readers

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, December 2011, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Dr Aletta G Dorst

  54. Metaphor, Language, and Discourse Processes

    Article • Discourse Processes, October 2011, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  55. Kathryn Allan, Metaphor and metonymy: A diachronic approach (Publications of the Philological Society 42). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. Pp. x + 255. ISBN 978-1-4051-9085-5.

    Article • English Language and Linguistics, October 2011, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  56. What does ‘really deliberate’ really mean?

    Article • Metaphor and the Social World, July 2011, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  57. The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!

    Article • Review of Cognitive Linguistics, July 2011, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  58. The language of knowledge management: A linguistic approach to metaphor analysis

    Article • Systems Research and Behavioral Science, February 2011, Wiley

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  59. Genre between the humanities and the sciences

    Article • January 2011, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  60. Issues in collecting converging evidence

    Article • January 2011, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  61. Metaphor in language and thought

    Article • January 2011, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  62. A Method for Linguistic Metaphor Identification

    Article • June 2010, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen, Dr Aletta G Dorst, Prof Berenike Herrmann

  63. Researching And Applying Metaphor

    Article • Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen, January 2010, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  64. Metaphor in usage

    Article • Cognitive Linguistics, January 2010, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  65. 9. Pragglejaz in practice

    Article • January 2010, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  66. Book Review: Finding Metaphor in Grammar and Usage: A Methodological Analysis of Theory and Research by Gerard Steen, 2008. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 430. ISBN 978 90 272 3897 9 (hbk)

    Article • Language and Literature International Journal of Stylistics, May 2009, SAGE Publications

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  67. Deliberate Metaphor Affords Conscious Metaphorical Cognition

    Article • Cognitive Semiotics, January 2009, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  68. Deliberate Metaphor Affords Conscious Metaphorical Cognition

    Article • Cognitive Semiotics, January 2009, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  69. Three Kinds of Metaphor in Discourse: A Linguistic Taxonomy

    Article • January 2009, Springer Science + Business Media

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  70. Review of Hannay & Steen (2007): Structural-Functional Studies in English Grammar: In Honour of Lachlan Mackenzie

    Article • Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, November 2008, John Benjamins

    Prof. Francisco Gonzálvez-García, Professor mike hannay, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  71. The Paradox of Metaphor: Why We Need a Three-Dimensional Model of Metaphor

    Article • Metaphor and Symbol, October 2008, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  72. Finding Metaphor in Grammar and Usage

    Article • November 2007, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  73. Structural-Functional Studies in English Grammar

    Article • March 2007, John Benjamins

    Professor mike hannay, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  74. Review of Kepser & Reis (2005): Linguistic evidence: Empirical, theoretical, and computational perspectives

    Article • Functions of Language, March 2007, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  75. MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse

    Article • Metaphor and Symbol, January 2007, Taylor & Francis

    Dr. Alan Cienki, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  76. MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse

    Article • Metaphor and Symbol, January 2007, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  77. Metaphor in applied linguistics: four cognitive approaches

    Article • DELTA Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, January 2006, FapUNIFESP (SciELO)

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  78. Metaphor: Stylistic Approaches

    Article • January 2006, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  79. Basic Discourse Acts: towards a psychological theory of discourse segmentation

    Article • December 2005, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  80. Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, April 2005, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  81. Questions about metaphor in literature

    Article • European Journal of English Studies, December 2004, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  82. Introduction: Metaphor across languages

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, July 2004, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  83. Can discourse properties of metaphor affect metaphor recognition?

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, July 2004, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  84. Perspectives on Discourse: The State of the Art

    Article • Language and Literature International Journal of Stylistics, May 2004, SAGE Publications

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  85. Cognitive Poetics in Practice

    Article • December 2003, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Joanna Gavins, Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  86. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, October 2003, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  87. A Historical View of Empirical Poetics: Trends and Possibilities

    Article • Empirical Studies of the Arts, January 2003, SAGE Publications

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  88. Metaphor in Bob Dylan’s “Hurricane”

    Article • January 2002, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  89. The Psychology and Sociology of Literature

    Article • December 2001, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  90. The empirical study of literature

    Article • January 2001, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  91. A rhetoric of metaphor

    Article • January 2001, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  92. Language, Text and Discourse: Robert Browning’s “Meeting at Night” and “Parting at Morning”

    Article • January 2000, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  93. Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics

    Article • June 1999, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  94. Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction (two volumes)

    Article • Journal of Pragmatics, February 1999, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  95. Genres of discourse and the definition of literature

    Article • Discourse Processes, January 1999, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  96. Introduction

    Article • January 1999, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  97. From linguistic to conceptual metaphor in five steps

    Article • January 1999, John Benjamins

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  98. Steen, Gerard (1994) Understanding Metaphor in Literature: an empirical approach

    Article • DELTA Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, February 1997, FapUNIFESP (SciELO)

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  99. Understanding Metaphor in Literature: An Empirical Approach

    Article • Language, June 1996, JSTOR

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  100. Understanding Metaphor in Literature

    Article • Modern Language Journal, January 1996, Wiley

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  101. Literary and Nonliterary Aspects of Metaphor

    Article • Poetics Today, January 1992, JSTOR

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  102. The empirical study of literary reading: Methods of data collection

    Article • Poetics, December 1991, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  103. How to Do Things with Metaphor in Literature

    Article • Revue belge de philologie et d histoire, January 1990, PERSEE Program

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  104. Review of Sabine de Knop, Metaphorische Komposita in Zeitungsüberschriften

    Article • December 1989, De Gruyter

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  105. Metaphor and literary comprehension: Towards a discourse theory of metaphor in literature

    Article • Poetics, April 1989, Elsevier

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  106. Metaphor and style

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  107. Metaphor and discourse: Towards a linguistic checklist for metaphor analysis

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen

  108. Metaphor in literature

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Professor Emeritus Gerard Steen