All Stories

  1. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Cellular Bridge from Emotional Stress to Disease Onset: A Narrative Review
  2. Profiling cognition and brain metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
  3. “Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”
  4. CD4+ T-cell transcription factors as early predictors of phenoconversion in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
  5. The Association of Axonal Damage Biomarkers and Osteopontin at Diagnosis Could Be Useful in Newly Diagnosed MS Patients
  6. The importance of early biomarkers in the identification of neurodegenerative disorders
  7. Effects of GBA1 Variants in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel: A Nation‐Wide, Multicenter, Longitudinal, “Real‐World” Study. The EPIC Study
  8. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum
  9. Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Biomarker of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis
  10. IMMUnity Unveiled: A Translational NETwork for tackling PARKinson's Disease – IMMUPARKNET
  11. Biomarkers of Intrathecal Synthesis May Be Associated with Cognitive Impairment at MS Diagnosis
  12. Effect of alemtuzumab on fatigue, quality of life, and patient/caregiver-reported outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis—A real-world evidence study
  13. (Dys)regulation of the Immune System in Parkinson’s Disease: Methodologies, Techniques, and Key Findings from Human Studies
  14. Kappa index for multiple sclerosis diagnosis: an accurate biomarker of intrathecal synthesis
  15. A Novel GBF1 Variant in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2: Insights from Familial Analysis
  16. CD4+ T-cell transcription factors predict phenoconversion in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
  17. Family History in Parkinson's Disease: A National Cross‐Sectional Study
  18. Coupling motor evoked potentials and brain [18F]FDG-PET in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: preliminary findings on disease severity
  19. Deterioration of people with Parkinson’s symptoms during COVID-19 lockdown: results of a web-based survey in Northwestern Italy
  20. From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia: The Impact of Comorbid Conditions on Disease Conversion
  21. Polymorphisms in the Dopaminergic Receptor D3 Gene Correlate with Disease Progression Rate in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients
  22. The Role of Diet in Multiple Sclerosis Onset: A Prospective Study Using UK Biobank
  23. Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pitfalls and Challenges of Anti-Amyloid Therapies and Beyond
  24. Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: Evidence in Human Neuroimaging Studies
  25. New Insights into the Relationship between Nutrition and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Preventive and Therapeutic Perspectives
  26. Gas6/TAM system as potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis prognosis
  27. Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
  28. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chains measured by SIMOA™, Ella™, and Lumipulse™ in multiple sclerosis naïve patients.
  29. Menstrual‐Related Fluctuations in a Juvenile‐Onset Parkinson's Disease Patient Treated with STN‐DBS: Correlation with Local Field Potentials
  30. Variability in Clinical Phenotype in TARDBP Mutations: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Case Description and Literature Review
  31. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: Characterization and Cellular Effects
  32. Effectiveness of Ocrelizumab in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a Multicenter, Retrospective, Real-world Study (OPPORTUNITY)
  33. Real-world use of Safinamide in motor fluctuating Parkinson’s disease patients in Italy
  34. Studies to Assess the Utility of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
  35. Neuroinflammatory Pathways in the ALS-FTD Continuum: A Focus on Genetic Variants
  36. Effectiveness of teriflunomide on No Evidence of Disease Activity and cognition in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the NEDA3PLUS study
  37. Investigating the Prognostic Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Mild Cognitive Impairment
  38. Plasma Pattern of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Hepatitis C Virus Patients and Their Effects on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
  39. A novel GRN mutation in an Italian patient with non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia at onset: a longitudinal case report
  40. Meet the Co-Editor
  41. Isolated Myelopathy in Occult Breast Carcinoma with Negative Paraneoplastic Antibodies: A Case Report of a Rare Condition
  42. The PROB-PD trial: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study protocol to evaluate the feasibility and potential efficacy of probiotics in modulating peripheral immunity in subjects with Parkinson’s disease
  43. Prognostic Role of Visual Evoked Potentials in Non-Neuritic Eyes at Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis
  44. Relationship between [123I]FP-CIT SPECT data and peripheral CD4 + T cell profile in newly-diagnosed drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients
  45. Levodopa Equivalent Dose of Safinamide: A Multicenter, Longitudinal, Case–Control Study
  46. Early Predictors of Disability and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Long-Term Retrospective Analysis
  47. The Need for Biomarkers in the ALS–FTD Spectrum: A Clinical Point of View on the Role of Proteomics
  48. Neuroimaging in multiple system atrophy
  49. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Immune dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
  50. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
  51. Impact of treatment with dimethyl fumarate on sleep quality in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A multicentre Italian wearable tracker study
  52. COVID-19 Vaccination and Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: A New Case Report and Review of the Literature
  53. Visuospatial Deficits are associated with Pisa Syndrome and not Camptocormia in Parkinson's disease
  54. T Lymphocytes in Parkinson’s Disease
  55. Lymphocyte Count and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Are Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Single-Center Longitudinal Study
  56. PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability
  57. Disease-Modifying Treatments and Time to Loss of Ambulatory Function in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
  58. Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: Spotlight on Neurological Complications
  59. A very early onset of juvenile parkinsonism
  60. The Effects of COVID-19-Related Restrictions on Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Italy: Results of a Structured Survey
  61. Early Successful Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy for Verbal Memory Impairment in an Adjustment Disorder: A Case Report in a Newly-Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis Patient
  62. Identifying and predicting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical subgroups: a population-based machine-learning study
  63. Striatal dopamine transporter imaging in Parkinson’s disease drug-naïve patients: focus on sexual dysfunction
  64. The Role of Tau beyond Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
  65. Immune Response Modifications in the Genetic Forms of Parkinson’s Disease: What Do We Know?
  66. The Immune System as a Therapeutic Target for Old and New Drugs in Parkinson’s Disease
  67. Predicting functional impairment trajectories in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a probabilistic, multifactorial model of disease progression
  68. Meet the Editorial Board Member
  69. Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  70. Author Correction: Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology
  71. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognitive functions at multiple sclerosis diagnosis
  72. Susac Syndrome: an uncommon cause of impaired vision
  73. Did the role of the neurologist in the emergency department change during the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from an Italian nationwide survey
  74. Contribution of Rare and Low-Frequency Variants to Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility in the Italian Continental Population
  75. Is There any Link between Madelung Disease and Ischemic Stroke? A Case Report
  76. Clinical relevance of single-subject brain metabolism patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutation carriers
  77. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology
  78. Why searching for Anti-Contactin-1 antibodies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a case report.
  79. Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
  80. Motor and non-motor symptom improvement after mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Parkinson’s disease patient
  81. Guillain–Barrè syndrome following COVID-19 vaccine mRNA-1273: a case report
  82. Increased Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Disorders during COVID-19 Pandemic in People Needing a Non-Deferrable Neurological Evaluation
  83. Cerebrospinal Tau levels as a predictor of early disability in multiple sclerosis
  84. An Investigation of the Role of Common and Rare Variants in a Large Italian Multiplex Family of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
  85. CSF Tau protein correlates with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients at diagnosis
  86. Neuromyelitis optica with syringomyelia: A case report and neurosonological follow up
  87. A challenging diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia: Psychiatric onset of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
  88. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cognition of people with dementia
  89. The Impact of SNCA Variations and Its Product Alpha-Synuclein on Non-Motor Features of Parkinson’s Disease
  90. Risk of Persistent Disability in Patients With Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis
  91. Simple Parameters from Complete Blood Count Predict In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19
  92. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Cognition of People with Dementia
  93. Expression of Transcription Factors in CD4 + T Cells as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Complications in Parkinson’s Disease
  94. Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Relevance and Future Perspectives
  95. Telehealth in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Opportunities and Challenges for Patients and Physicians
  96. A European Observational Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Effectiveness of Safinamide in Routine Clinical Practice: The SYNAPSES Trial
  97. Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case series
  98. Expanding the genetic spectrum of primary familial brain calcification due to SLC2OA2 mutations: a case series
  99. The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
  100. Potential protective role of ACE-inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers against levodopa-induced dyskinesias: a retrospective case-control study
  101. Fatality rate and predictors of mortality in an Italian cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
  102. Intrathecal kappa free light chains as markers for multiple sclerosis
  103. Genetic parkinsonisms and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  104. Change over time of COVID-19 hospital presentation in Northern Italy
  105. Relationship between circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease
  106. Kinematic but not clinical measures predict falls in Parkinson-related orthostatic hypotension
  107. CD4 + T‐Cell Transcription Factors in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease
  108. Cortical visuomotor interactions in Freezing of Gait: A TMS approach
  109. Correction to: The TANDEM investigation: efficacy and tolerability of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in (LCIG) advanced Parkinson’s disease patients
  110. The TANDEM investigation: efficacy and tolerability of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in (LCIG) advanced Parkinson’s disease patients
  111. Meet Our Editorial Board Member
  112. Nerve conduction, circulating osteopontin and taxane-induced neuropathy in breast cancer patients
  113. Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk
  114. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: A Case of Bilateral Steroid-Responsive Loss of Vision
  115. Editorial: Peripheral Immunity in Parkinson's Disease: Emerging Role and Novel Target for Therapeutics
  116. Meet Our Editorial Board Member
  117. Meet Our Editorial Board Member
  118. TAM Receptor Pathways at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
  119. The vermiform appendix in Parkinson's disease: At the crossroad of peripheral immunity, the nervous system and the intestinal microbiome
  120. Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk
  121. FRI0258 ANTI-RO/SSA POSITIVITY, ANTI-AQUAPORIN4 ANTIBODIES AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON A CONTROVERSIAL CORRELATION
  122. Probiotics May Have Beneficial Effects in Parkinson's Disease: In vitro Evidence
  123. Kappa free light chains could predict early disease course in multiple sclerosis
  124. Meet Our Editorial Board Member
  125. K Index is a Reliable Marker of Intrathecal Synthesis, and an Alternative to IgG Index in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnostic Work-Up
  126. Untangling Extracellular Proteasome-Osteopontin Circuit Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis
  127. Holmes tremor caused by a natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a case report and brief review of the literature
  128. Ultrasonography Monitoring of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Retinal Vessels in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage
  129. Post-lumbar puncture headache: an adverse effect in multiple sclerosis work-up
  130. Exploiting PLGA-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Next-Generation Tolerogenic Vaccines against Autoimmune Disease
  131. Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonists in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Synucleinopathies
  132. Antiphospholipid Syndrome and the Neurologist: From Pathogenesis to Therapy
  133. The Italian multiple sclerosis register
  134. LncRNAs expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients
  135. Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk
  136. CSF biomarkers of neurodegeration in early multiple sclerosis course
  137. Parkinson’s disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1/Th2/T17 and Treg in drug-naïve and drug-treated patients
  138. LRP10 genetic variants in familial Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a genome-wide linkage and sequencing study
  139. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may complicate Alzheimer’s disease: a comorbidity problem
  140. MOG-antibody demyelinating diseases: a case of post-partum severe rhombencephalitis and transverse myelitis
  141. The Length of SNCA Rep1 Microsatellite May Influence Cognitive Evolution in Parkinson’s Disease
  142. Real life evaluation of safinamide effectiveness in Parkinson’s disease
  143. Long non coding RNA expression profile in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Multiple Sclerosis patients: potential biomarkers of disease susceptibility and progression
  144. O158 Excessive inhibitory visuomotor connections in parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait
  145. A patient with autoimmune limb-girdle myasthenia, and a brief review of this treatable condition.
  146. Peripheral neuropathy as marker of severe Parkinson's disease phenotype
  147. Which patients discontinue? Issues on Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel treatment: Italian multicentre survey of 905 patients with long-term follow-up
  148. The measuring of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in an Italian cohort of Parkinson disease patients: a case/control study (NOBIS Study)
  149. Role of Anti-Osteopontin Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
  150. Extracellular proteasome-osteopontin circuit regulates cell migration with implications in multiple sclerosis
  151. Prevalence and burden of dysautonomia in advanced Parkinson's disease
  152. Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Risk of L-Dopa–Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease
  153. Combined use of Kappa Free Light Chain Index and Isoelectrofocusing of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid in Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis: Performances and Costs
  154. Insights into the protective role of immunity in neurodegenerative disease
  155. Longitudinal Assessment of Transorbital Sonography, Visual Acuity, and Biomarkers for Inflammation and Axonal Injury in Optic Neuritis
  156. Transorbital Sonography and Visual Outcome for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Optic Neuritis
  157. Growth Arrest Specific 6 Concentration is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
  158. Dopaminergic Receptors on CD4+ T Naive and Memory Lymphocytes Correlate with Motor Impairment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
  159. Polymorphisms of dopamine receptor genes and risk of visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s patients
  160. Decreased function of Fas and variations of the perforin gene in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia
  161. D NAJC 6 Mutations Associated With Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease
  162. Polymorphisms of dopamine receptor genes are associated to increased risk of visual hallucinations in Italian Parkinson's disease patients
  163. Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases
  164. Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin Modulates Its Activities in Human CellsIn Vitroand Mouse Experimental Autoimmune EncephalomyelitisIn Vivo
  165. Impaired visual inhibition in migraine with aura
  166. MRI imaging and clinical features of sciatic nerve injection injury
  167. Peripheral nervous system involvement in Parkinson's disease: Evidence and controversies
  168. Variations of the perforin gene in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
  169. Predicting Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease: Can We Ask the Genes?
  170. Subcutaneous inverse vaccination with PLGA particles loaded with a MOG peptide and IL-10 decreases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
  171. Intensive Rehabilitation Treatment in Early Parkinson’s Disease
  172. Transorbital Sonography in Acute Optic Neuritis: A Case-Control Study
  173. Joint Congress of European Neurology 31 May–3 June 2014 Istanbul, Turkey
  174. Advances in Neuroimmunology: From Bench to Bedside
  175. Current Understanding on the Role of Standard and Immunoproteasomes in Inflammatory/Immunological Pathways of Multiple Sclerosis
  176. Prevalence and features of peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson's disease patients under different therapeutic regimens
  177. Revisiting the Molecular Mechanism of Neurological Manifestations in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Beyond Vascular Damage
  178. Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: From Molecular Bases to Practical Considerations
  179. Evidence of Pre-Synaptic Dopaminergic Deficit in a Patient with a Novel Progranulin Mutation Presenting with Atypical Parkinsonism†
  180. Intensive Rehabilitation Increases BDNF Serum Levels in Parkinsonian Patients
  181. Variations of the UNC13D Gene in Patients with Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
  182. Defining the Epsilon-Sarcoglycan (SGCE) Gene Phenotypic Signature in Myoclonus-Dystonia: A Reappraisal of Genetic Testing Criteria
  183. Robotic gait training is not superior to conventional treadmill training in Parkinson's Disease: A single-blind randomized controlled trial
  184. Discovery and verification of panels of T-lymphocyte proteins as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease
  185. The role of T cell apoptosis in nervous system autoimmunity
  186. Dopaminergic therapies modulate the T-CELL proteome of patients with Parkinson's disease
  187. Rehabilitation improves dyskinesias in Parkinsonian patients: A pilot study comparing two different rehabilitative treatments
  188. Robotic Gait Training Is not Superior to Conventional Treadmill Training in Parkinson Disease
  189. The -346T polymorphism of the SH2D1A gene is a risk factor for development of autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation in males with defective Fas function
  190. The Impact of Osteopontin Gene Variations on Multiple Sclerosis Development and Progression
  191. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Progranulin Mutations Carriers
  192. Expression and genetic analysis of miRNAs involved in CD4+ cell activation in patients with multiple sclerosis
  193. Effectiveness of Intensive Inpatient Rehabilitation Treatment on Disease Progression in Parkinsonian Patients
  194. The Role of Osteopontin in Neurodegenerative Diseases
  195. Fas-mediated T-cell apoptosis in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
  196. GSK3β genetic variability in patients with Multiple Sclerosis
  197. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation: a treatment option
  198. Complex pattern of convulsive syncope in glossopharyngeal neuralgia: Video/EEG report and short review
  199. Levodopa‐induced belly dancer's dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Report of one case
  200. Rituximab in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a report of 13 cases and review of the literature
  201. Signals of Apoptotic Pathways in Several Types of Meningioma
  202. Progranulin gene variability increases the risk for primary progressive multiple sclerosis in males
  203. Osteopontin is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Its Levels Correlate with Cognitive Decline
  204. Progranulin plasma levels as potential biomarker for the identification of GRN deletion carriers. A case with atypical onset as clinical amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment converted to Alzheimer's disease
  205. A nationwide retrospective analysis on the effect of immune therapies in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
  206. FP17-TU-06 Th17, an effector T lymphocyte subset associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses: antigen specificity, cytokine production, and sensitivity to interferon (IFN)-β
  207. Defective Fas-mediated T-cell apoptosis predicts acute onset CIDP
  208. Complex movement disorders in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report
  209. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Presenting as a Reversible Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome
  210. Variations of the perforin gene in patients with multiple sclerosis
  211. Gender-specific influence of the chromosome 16 chemokine gene cluster on the susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis
  212. MDC/CCL22 intrathecal levels in patients with multiple sclerosis
  213. Candidate gene analysis of SPARCL1 gene in patients with multiple sclerosis
  214. ICOS gene haplotypes correlate with IL10 secretion and multiple sclerosis evolution
  215. CXCL10 haplotypes and multiple sclerosis: association and correlation with clinical course
  216. ICOS cooperates with CD28, IL-2, and IFN-γ and modulates activation of human naïve CD4+ T cells
  217. Fas-mediated T-cell apoptosis is impaired in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
  218. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis
  219. E-selectin A561C and G98T polymorphisms influence susceptibility and course of multiple sclerosis
  220. Osteopontin gene haplotypes correlate with multiple sclerosis development and progression
  221. Cutaneous silent period in human immunodeficiency virus-related peripheral neuropathy
  222. Abnormal response to glutamate of T lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients
  223. Diagnosis of psychogenic paralysis: The role of motor evoked potentials
  224. Anticonvulsvant Drugs and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Patients with Epilepsy
  225. Anticonvulsant Drugs and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Patients with Epilepsy
  226. Defective T cell Fas function in patients with multiple sclerosis
  227. Deficiency of the Fas apoptosis pathway without Fas gene mutations is a familial trait predisposing to development of autoimmune diseases and cancer