What is it about?
Introduction: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is the most aggressive variant of the monoclonal gammopathies (MG). Its diagnosis is based on standard morphological examination of peripheral blood, by finding plasma cells with an atypical morphology. The International myeloma working group (IMWG) has updated the diagnostic criteria for PCL considering that patients with newly diagnosed MG with 5% or greater plasma cells in peripheral blood should be considered as PCL.
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Why is it important?
Case report: We present three cases of primary PCL that were admitted to the hospital due to the study of an anaemia and whose diagnosis was an incidental finding. All the patients had >5% of circulating plasma cells, whose clonality and aberrant phenotype was determined by peripheral and blood marrow flow cytometry immunophenotype and all of them had high-risk cytogenetics related with a poor and adverse outcomes of the disease.
Perspectives
The recent consensus recommendations from the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) regarding the diagnostic criteria for plasma cell leukemia (PCL) have sparked a debate about the diagnosis of this condition and the role of the percentage of circulating plasma cells in determining it. PCL is the most aggressive variant of monoclonal gammopathies (MG) and can either arise de novo (primary PCL, pPCL) or develop during advanced stages of multiple myeloma (MM) (secondary PCL) [1-10]. The importance of a prompt diagnosis of PCL lies in its significant impact on prognosis, making it crucial to establish the most effective treatment as soon as possible [1,3-5].
Acquire Publications
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This page is a summary of: A Review of Three Cases of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: Incidental Finding Discovered by Blood Smear Revision, Journal of Case Reports and Medical History, February 2024, Acquire Publications LLC,
DOI: 10.54289/jcrmh2400120.
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