Progress in investigating long-term trends in the upper atmosphere (a review)

What is it about?

This paper is overview of progress in our knowledge and understanding of long-term trends/climatic changes in the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere in various parameters like neutral, ion and electron temperature, neutral density, electron density, total electron content, water vapor and noctilucent clouds, and others.

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Why is it important?

This review paper provides background for further investigations of long-term trends/climatic changes in the mesosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere system and their applications, e.g. towards atmospheric drag of dangerous space debris, or propagation of GNSS (GPS, Galileo etc.) signals and their applications (e.g. positioning).

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