When a Hidden Abdominal Tumor Causes Intestinal Bleeding: A Rare Case of Liposarcoma

What is it about?

This case report describes a very rare cause of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a 47-year-old man. The bleeding was caused by a large cancerous tumor called a dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma—a type of soft tissue cancer that develops deep in the abdomen. The tumor had grown so large that it invaded the patient’s colon and was initially mistaken for kidney cancer on imaging scans. Surgery revealed the true source of the tumor, which was confirmed by laboratory tests after removal. Despite successful surgery, the disease later returned because this type of cancer is highly aggressive and difficult to cure. This report highlights the importance of considering rare retroperitoneal tumors when diagnosing unexplained intestinal bleeding and stresses that early detection and prompt surgical treatment are essential for better outcomes.

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Photo by Steve Johnson on Unsplash

Photo by Steve Johnson on Unsplash

Why is it important?

This case highlights an exceptionally rare presentation of dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma as severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding, which has scarcely been reported in the literature. It emphasizes the diagnostic challenges posed by such tumors, often misinterpreted as renal or colonic malignancies on imaging. By documenting this case, we aim to raise awareness among clinicians to consider retroperitoneal liposarcoma in the differential diagnosis of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and large abdominal masses. Early recognition can guide appropriate surgical planning, reduce morbidity, and improve patient outcomes.

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