Cardiac Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury (CSA-AKI)

What is it about?

Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents a significant postoperative complication following cardiac surgery, impacting patient morbidity and mortality. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition plays a pivotal role in recognizing and classifying cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) based on serum creatinine and urine output fluctuations._x000D_ _x000D_ Recognizing pre-, intra-, and postoperative risk factors for CSA-AKI is crucial for prompt diagnosis, prevention, and mitigation of its devastating consequences. However, serum creatinine's limitations as a surrogate marker of kidney function in the perioperative setting necessitates identification of more representative biomarkers. Despite promising candidates like the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2/insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 ratio (TIMP2/IGFBP7), other diagnostically reliable biomarkers with adequate sensitivity and specificity remain elusive._x000D_ _x000D_ This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of CSA-AKI, encompassing its pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, biomarker potential, classification systems, preventive strategies, and treatment management.

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