What is it about?
This article evaluates the economic viability of installing residential photovoltaic (PV) and small wind energy systems in Portugal, considering different modes of self-consumption and storage. Five distinct operational scenarios are analysed: total injection into the grid, self-consumption with and without surplus injection, net-metering, and use of battery storage systems. The study uses real-world data and Portuguese regulations to simulate and compare thirty-five configurations. Economic indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) are applied. The results show that self-consumption without storage is currently the most cost-effective option, especially with variable electricity tariffs. Battery storage remains economically unviable under current prices, but net-metering models - though not yet allowed in Portugal—prove highly attractive in simulation.
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Why is it important?
This work provides practical and scientific insights for households, policymakers, and energy planners seeking to promote sustainable energy transitions. It offers a structured economic comparison of realistic residential renewable energy options in Portugal, considering both current legislation and potential policy improvements. The findings demonstrate that small-scale PV systems are already a viable investment under Portuguese conditions, especially when surplus energy can be sold to the grid. Highlighting the impact of tariff types and legal constraints, the article supports informed decision-making for future regulatory frameworks and investments in distributed renewable generation.
Perspectives
This article reflects my ongoing commitment to aligning scientific rigor with societal needs. I aimed to create a technically sound yet accessible evaluation tool for Portuguese households considering investing in renewable energy. As a researcher and educator, I believe that bridging the gap between complex technical models and real-world decision-making is crucial to accelerating the energy transition. I was particularly motivated to assess the potential of self-consumption in a country with excellent solar resources but complex regulations. This work reinforces my interest in applied research with immediate relevance for both citizens and policymakers.
Dr Fernando M Camilo
Universidade de Lisboa
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Technical-Economic Evaluation of Residential Wind and Photovoltaic Systems with Self-Consumption and Storage Systems in Portugal, Energies, February 2023, MDPI AG,
DOI: 10.3390/en16041805.
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