Acute-onset stomatitis in a young European woman visiting Brazil: a case report

What is it about?

We report a case of acute, severe stomatitis in a young woman shortly after travel to Brazil and participation in a multi-day carnival. Although the clinical presentation suggested a viral infection, the lack of rapid diagnostic testing prevented a definitive diagnosis, leading to empirical treatment without antiviral therapy and a temporary worsening of the patient’s condition. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of viral oral infections in adults and the critical importance of timely and accurate pathogen identification. It also underscores the potential risks associated with corticosteroid use in the absence of confirmed etiology.

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Why is it important?

Importantly, this report draws attention to an underrecognized clinical challenge and emphasizes the need for accessible point-of-care diagnostics and increased clinician awareness. Such improvements could directly enhance patient management, particularly in an era of frequent international travel and exposure to emerging pathogens.