Development in Primary and Secondary School for Health Promotion

What is it about?

Biophilic design is an important approach for health intervention in the use of nature force, aiming to provide an environmental strategic plan for health promotion based on existing scientific evidence. This paper provides a systematic research of biophilic design in primary and secondary school embraces both practices and scientific research. Biophilic design evolved from perceptual practical exploration to scientific research, and from a direct natural model of physical health to a systemization design of overall health. This paper summarizes the relationship between the space environment and health benefits through an interdisciplinary literature research. According to the existing basic model of biophilic design, this paper puts forward the key points of primary and secondary school buildings from three aspects, direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature and abstract perception of nature.

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Photo by Alberto Castillo Q. on Unsplash

Photo by Alberto Castillo Q. on Unsplash

Why is it important?

What the Article Covers Focus: The design of school environments that embed elements of nature—known as biophilic design—to support student health and well-being. Approach: Conducts an interdisciplinary literature review tracing biophilic design’s evolution from intuitive applications (like windows and green space) to scientifically informed frameworks that address physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Why It Matters Health-Centered Learning Environments It frames schools as health promoters, not merely educational facilities. By integrating elements like natural light, greenery, ventilation, and views to nature, the article develops targeted strategies to enhance well-being in children and adolescents. Evidence-Based Design Unlike purely aesthetic uses of nature, this study emphasizes mapped outcomes—such as improved air quality, reduced stress, better concentration, and overall comfort—linking them to measurable health benefits. Actionable Framework The research distills core aspects of biophilic design into three practical categories: Direct experience (e.g., greenery, natural light) Indirect experience (e.g., materials, colors inspired by nature) Abstract experience (e.g., patterns, spatial layouts that evoke natural forms) These guidelines are directly applicable to architects, planners, and policymakers. Fills a Research Gap While biophilic design has received attention in workspace and residential design, its systematic application in schools—especially in a scientific, health-oriented context—is less explored. This paper helps bridge that gap, offering a roadmap for further study and institutional adoption. Broader Significance Supports Global Health Goals: Connects built environments to public health initiatives, echoing WHO strategies on disease prevention through environmental design. Informs Future Design Standards: Could influence future building codes or guidelines for school construction and renovation. Timely and Responsive: Schools worldwide are reconsidering design post-pandemic to prioritize health—this research is particularly relevant now.