What is it about?
Do regions and cities international activities matter in the European Union foreign policy? We argue that they do and show different forms in which sub-state entities have, both formal and informal, impact on EU foreign policy. Relations between regions and cities influence the the EU’s foreign policy in three ways, through: 1) lobbying, 2) formal influence and 3) direct actions undertaken with or without the agreement of the governments of EU member states or EU institutions.
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Why is it important?
We conceptualised impact of paradiplomacy on EU foreign policy and argue that sub-state relations could be the hidden capacity of the EU for its international actions, if steps were taken to foster and utilise them. According to our research, cities and regions can act as: ‘trouble-makers’, ‘contributors’, ‘deal brokers’, or ‘antennas’.
Perspectives
Despite many opportunities that paradiplomacy may bring to the EU, there is neither adequate understanding of this topic in the structures of the EU nor recognition of the international connections of cities and regions. I hope that this paper bring some attention to this topic.
Professor Tomasz Kamiński
Uniwersytet Lodzki
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Paradiplomacy and its Impact on EU Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary European Research, July 2022, UACES,
DOI: 10.30950/jcer.v18i1.1223.
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