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In utero smoke exposure has been associated with reduced risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but self-reported exposure is often biased or incomplete. We examined DNAm-based exposure scores in overcoming limitations of self-reporting data, to show higher DNAm smoking scores were inversely associated with the risk of developing islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D.

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This page is a summary of: DNA Methylation Smoking Scores and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, July 2025, American Diabetes Association,
DOI: 10.2337/dc25-0330.
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