Neurotoxicity of Melamine

What is it about?

Melamine is widely utilized in many household items, including furniture, dinnerware, and kitchen tools. The illicit addition of the chemical to various foodstuffs to misrepresent protein content led to catastrophic, often deadly, health repercussions on children and pets, and received worldwide attention. The effects of melamine exposure on kidney function have been the subject of numerous primary investigations and reviews. Evidence of melamine's toxicity on other organs is still sparse, despite the abundance of literature on its nephrotoxicity. The common belief that melamine's harmful effects are limited to the urinary system has been shattered by a number of recent research showing that melamine can disrupt central nervous system (CNS) function and create cognitive impairments.

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Why is it important?

Melamine's presence in the body is associated with several undesirable outcomes, including depression, impaired synaptic transmission, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative diseases. Several mechanisms can give rise to such difficulties. Nevertheless, various defenses against melamine accumulation have been discovered. In this review article, we will first discuss the various neural effects of this chemical and its mechanisms. Then we will describe the possible protective mechanism/s of the body against melamine exposure.

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