What is it about?
The investigated issues presented in this article stemmed from a discovery that resulted from using the magnetic flux quantum, that combine the Planck's constant and the Elementary charge. It led to a new relationship between the combined expressions, and it revealed that the mass of the electron is associated with the magnitude of the square of the magnetic flux quantum (Conclusions arising from this possibility are described in more detail at the end of the article in the Conclusions section). This novel finding defines another source for the mass of subatomic particles, besides the definition of the mass source from the Higgs field!. It does not contradict the Higgs mechanism of particle mass. Also it revealed a novel significance of the vacuum permittivity constant (in SI units), that relies also on an analogy to the kinetic theory of gases. By using the concept of the nucleus motion around the center of mass shared with the electron in the Hydrogen atom, along with defineing the orbital angular momentum of the proton at the trajectory around the center of mass, yield a velocity of the proton at this trajectory, and also a new physical constant which fulfill a similar role like the fine structure constant, and it yields also results for the proton and neutron masses and their radii.
Featured Image
Photo by Maxim Landolfi on Unsplash
Why is it important?
The theory presented in this article deal with the magnitudes of Universal Constants in physics. The theory presents the use of the combination of the magnetic flux quantum constant with using Universal Constants from different fields (Eelectromagnetic, Gravitation and Nuclear) and finding new relations through them that have not yet been reflected in the knowledge available today. The formalism developed in this article introduces a relationship between the masses of the electron,proton, and neutron to the square of the magnetic flux quantum. This relationship is unknown to science today. The method used today to calculate the proton and neutron masses theoretically is based for instance on the Quantum Chromodynamics theory of binding energy, which combines the kinetic energy of the quarks and the energy of the gluons within these particles. The theory presented here calculates the electron, proton, and neutron masses in a new straightforward nearly identical formulas, whose their main component is the square of the magnetic flux quantum.
Perspectives
The mass of the electron and other subatomic particles is related to the magnitude of the square of the magnetic flux quantum which makes up the particles. This relationship results in a novel expression of universal constants. The formalism developed in this paper yields the radii of the proton and the neutron from theory. b. Also as a conclusion arising from the electron with its mass related to the square of the magnetic flux quantum, the effects related to it are obtained, such as: The movement or oscillation of a magnetic flux quantum produces electromagnetic waves. The magnetic flux quantum can exist in a superposition of two locations simultaneously, a phenomenon that has been demonstrated in quantum mechanics specifically in superconducting circuits. The magnetic flux quantum can be split when passing through a double-slit experiment. c. The mass of the electron and other subatomic particles is related to the magnitude of the square of the magnetic flux quantum which makes up the particles. This relationship results in a novel expression of universal constants. The formalism developed in this paper yields the radii of the proton and the neutron from theory. d. The Gravitational constant is identified based on Newton's law of universal gravitation. The new formula for the Gravitational constant developed in this paper contains elements from the atomic domain (proton's mass and radius) presented by the new proposed Stoney and Planck units, which represent the quantum reality environment; in this way they demonstrate the integration of the quantum and gravity levels.
Project Manager at Hi Tech Israel if Fried
israelfried@hotufi.net
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: A New Theoretical Finding Relating Subatomic Particles' Mass to the Square of the Magnetic Flux Quantum Provides a New Interpretation for Mass., January 2024, Elsevier,
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4686656.
You can read the full text:
Contributors
The following have contributed to this page
