What is it about?
The measurement of light speed directly, from c = d/t , for long roundtrips of travel on earth by Albert Michelson were analyzed. After correcting for earth orbit velocity on the distance light traveled, both East West and North South measurements accurately agree with the Maxwell speed of light formula. The physical earth with the light source and detector, does not have translational velocity that significantly affects the observed magnitude. Thus the idea that the universe of galaxies is expanding into space at rapid rates sufficient to cause a red shift of the produced light is not justified. Indeed, other explanations that are more likely than a Doppler recession may explain the early observations of Hubble Deep space is not a perfect vacuum and blue light is more efficienlty scattered than red. Distant stars may be older and thus have a lower temperature and more red emitted light than closer stars.
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Why is it important?
Many people argue the past existence of a big bang and that the material universe was at one time together at a single position and use the observed more red light from distant stars as its basis. The notion has been discussed for over 100 years and thus is assumed by many to be fact. The data reported here challenge this view and represent the fist reliable evidence that the universe of matter is not expanding into space.
Perspectives
Because the speed of light from its own instantaneous coordinate in space is fixed for any particular medium, the time required for light to travel between two objects in synchronous motion is different than the time for the objects when stationary. This fact has been used to disprove the 1905 idea of time dilation due to motion. The natural extension of this published work was to examine whether light speed determined directly for an earth source differs from theoretic speed c due to any significant earth motion. Clearly the total velocity of the earth through space, which is not known accurately, is insufficient to cause a Doppler shift that could explain the frequency difference between close and distant starlight. The universe of matter is not expanding rapidly into deep space.
Dr. Richard Sauerheber
Palomar Community College
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Direct Measurements of Light Speed Indicate the Ordered Dynamic Material Universe is not Rapidly Expanding, SSRN Electronic Journal, January 2023, Elsevier,
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4514330.
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