Why disaster risk communication fails and how to design it better

What is it about?

This study looks at why communication failed during the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia, when many people did not receive timely warnings. It explores how disaster risk communication systems can be designed more effectively, especially in areas prone to natural hazards. The research identifies nine key criteria—such as communication channels, evacuation planning, message clarity, cultural beliefs, and funding—that help guide better system design. Importantly, the study shows that communication should not be one-way (from authorities to the public), but a two-way process that involves communities, decision-makers, and local knowledge. By combining technical tools (like warning systems) with cultural understanding, risk communication can become more relevant, trusted, and effective. Overall, the findings suggest that inclusive and participatory approaches can improve public awareness, preparedness, and response during disasters.

Featured Image

Photo by NOAA on Unsplash

Photo by NOAA on Unsplash

Why is it important?

Addresses widely criticized failures in the 2018 Sulawesi disaster by proposing clear, practical criteria for designing risk communication systems. Uniquely combines technical warning systems with cultural and community knowledge, using a structured decision-making approach. Offers actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners, helping shift disaster communication from one-way messaging to inclusive, participatory processes that can improve trust, preparedness, and response.

Perspectives