Maternal hyperthyroidism and developing thyroid cancer: what is the next?

What is it about?

The maternal hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis may increase the rate of development and progression of thyroid carcinoma and thyroid nodules. The disorders in the actions of the maternal thyroid gland (thyroid carcinoma or nodules) may disrupt the fetal and neonatal development and increase the possibility of mortality and morbidity. A toxic nodular goiter (TNG) can increase the risk of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The prevalence of thyroid carcinoma was lower in subjects with Graves' disease than in subjects with toxic adenoma (TA) or toxic multinodular goiter (TMG). Indeed, cancer related to Graves' disease appears to be more destructive than those linked to multinodular toxic goiter (MTG) or uninodular toxic goiter (UTG). The possibility of Graves' disease and development of thyroid cancer, mainly of papillary carcinoma can be attributed to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. These disturbances may be depending on a family history of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, a rapid growth of a nodule, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Thus, the incidence of a nodule in a hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis should be carefully assessed to eliminate the attendance of malignancy. Additional studies are necessary to study the clinical and pathological features of maternofetal thyrotoxicosis and thyroid microcarcinoma (distinguish aggressive lesions from benign adenomas). It is important to study the prediction of non-metastatic hyperthyroidism with the follicular thyroid carcinoma. Additionally, every suspicious nodule related to hyperthyroidism should be appraised importantly.

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Why is it important?

A toxic nodular goiter (TNG) can increase the risk of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The prevalence of thyroid carcinoma was lower in subjects with Graves' disease than in subjects with toxic adenoma (TA) or toxic multinodular goiter (TMG). Indeed, cancer related to Graves' disease appears to be more destructive than those linked to multinodular toxic goiter (MTG) or uninodular toxic goiter (UTG). The possibility of Graves' disease and development of thyroid cancer, mainly of papillary carcinoma can be attributed to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. These disturbances may be depending on a family history of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, a rapid growth of a nodule, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Thus, the incidence of a nodule in a hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis should be carefully assessed to eliminate the attendance of malignancy.

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