Hyperthyroidism and renal disorders.

What is it about?

The normal levels of thyroid hormones (THs) during the gestation are crucial for the renal homeostasis and development. As well, THs adjust the transportation during the proximal convoluted tubule. Hyperthyroidism can alter the hemodynamic processes such as increase the sensitivity to β-adrenergic stimulus, the release of renin, the angiogenesis, the nitric oxide (NO) levels and the filtration pressure. In addition, Hyperthyroidism can alter the glomerular processes as the following: (1) increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the levels of cystatin C; (2) accelerates the chronic kidney disease (CKD); (3) Intraglomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration; and (4) decreases the serum creatinine level. Also, hyperthyroidism can vary the tubular processes as the following: (1) decreases the ability to concentrate urine; (2) increases the activity of Na-H exchanger and Na+-K+-ATPase; (3) elevates the reabsorption capacity and tubular secretory; (4) increases the calcium reabsorption; and (5) elevates the reabsorption of sodium and chloride. As well, in hyperthyroid rats, the elevation in the renal and cardiac capillarity and in the vascularization of the mesenteric bed was observed. The hyper-functioning of thyroid gland can (1) decrease the vascular resistance by increasing the vasodilation and reducing the vasoconstriction; (2) increase the systolic blood pressure by decreasing the systemic vascular resistance, and elevating the heart rate and cardiac output; and (3) increase the level of NO causing a hyperdynamic circulation. Standardization the function of thyroid by therapy of thyrotoxicosis might normalize the renal function. It can be inferred that the thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism) may disturb the renal development and function. Further investigations are desired to understand the probable connections between the thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism) and kidney during the gestation and lactation to avoid unnecessary treatments.

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Why is it important?

Thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism) may disturb the renal development and function.

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