TRIPLE-BAND REJECTION FOR A COMPACT UWB MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING PSO OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

What is it about?

This paper presents a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna with triple-band rejection optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed design achieves a significant size reduction from 30 × 25 mm² to 18 × 24 mm² while maintaining a broad impedance bandwidth from 3 GHz to 10.6 GHz. To mitigate interference from coexisting wireless services, three band-notched features are introduced at WiMAX (3.5 GHz), WLAN (5.5 GHz), and X-band satellite downlink (7.5 GHz). These notched bands are realized by incorporating precisely optimized rectangular slots into the patch structure, with PSO employed to fine-tune their dimensions and placement. The antenna maintains a stable gain of around 2.4 dBi across the UWB spectrum, with sharp reductions at the notched bands, confirming effective interference suppression. Its radiation pattern remains nearly omnidirectional at lower frequencies, with minor distortions at higher frequencies due to FR-4 dispersion. CST and high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) show good agreement, validating the design’s reliability for compact UWB systems with interference mitigation.

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Why is it important?

we propose using PSO to optimize the various design parameters of a compact multi-band rejection UWB antenna. It is particularly effective for solving nonlinear functions by simulating social behaviors. The main objective is to demonstrate how this approach can not only accelerate the design process but also ensure a high level of precision in controlling the antenna’s characteristics.