What is it about?
INTRODUKTION The impact of the humane genetica on endocrine ageing of older men remained to be assessed, comprehensively, by MOLEKULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY as RESEARCH | ANALYSIS [1]. The humane genetica is only defined by the AR gene CAG repeat genetic polymorphism [1], which is the only genetic polymorphism, which is currently informative [1]. The humane genetica is as discipline the maximum of human genetics as discipline [1]. In older men, the phenotypic features developing with ageing are characterized by alterations across the human lifespan, which, in part, may be a consequence of the average age-related decline in blood concentration of testosterone modified by variations in tissue response to blood concentration of testosterone [2] and other reproductive hormones [2], by which compensatory responses may play an important role to sustain homeostasis [2]. This, in part, may account for the biological ageing of older men [2], which may contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of ageing of older men as they age [2]. TESTOSTERONE AKTION The EMAS humane genetica high-level projekt provides for an unprecedented opportunity to understand whether a genetic marker of testosterone action, the AR gene CAG repeat, the only genetic polymorphism, which is currently informative [1], is related to changes in phenotypic features of human ageing, which are believed to be regulated by testosterone action [2], and, which constitute changes in multiple androgen-sensitive organ [i.e. an organ is a single human organ as a sense [1,3]] and androgen-sensitive organ systems [i.e. an organ system is two human organs which are koupled by structure and/or function [1]], and which also constitute changes in the gonadal axis [i.e. an axis is three human organs which are koupled by structure and/or function [1]], in community-dwelling older European men. THE CROSS-COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE AR GENE CAG REPEAT WITH THE REGULATORS OF METABOLIC DAMAGE IN RELATION TO REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES The EMAS humane genetica high-level projekt also allows for cross-comparing phase two differences in reproductive hormone levels as a function of the AR gene CAG repeat with adjustments made for age and center, in community-dwelling older European men, whom participate in the EMAS as multi-center study, with the Human Serum Metabolome [HUSERMET] Study multi-ethnic cohort as single center study in terms of the differences in reproductive hormone levels as a function of the regulators of metabolic damage with adjustment made for age [the low-impact regulator of metabolic damage: skin calliper body fat, %; the intermediate-impact regulator of metabolic damage: waist circumference, cm; the high-impact regulator of metabolic damage: body mass index [BMI], kg/m2], in community-dwelling older White European men from Greater Manchester, whom participated as EMAS wave two older men, in the HUSERMET Study [2,4].
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Why is it important?
UNSELECTED COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER EUROPEAN MEN Previous studies on the AR gene CAG repeat length have been mostly cross-sectional in design, were from single centers, and, were, mostly, based on patient populations. Our multi-center longitudinal EMAS cohort consisted of unselected, community-dwelling, older European men [2] and provided for an unprecedented opportunity to investigate, in the general European population, to what extent the AR gene CAG repeat was related to changes in phenotypic endpoints, which are influenced by blood concentration of testosterone [2], and other reproductive hormones [2], and which reflect changes in androgen-sensitive organ and in androgen-sensitive organ systems, as well as changes in the gonadal axis, in community-dwelling older European men. The possibility to investigate this in the general European population allowed us to assess whether the AR gene CAG repeat is associated with early signs of dysregulation in the gonadal axis in community-dwelling older European men, whom are relatively healthy [2]. IN-DEPTH META-ANALYSIS The results from our EMAS humane genetica multi-center cohort of community-dwelling older European men can be directly cross-compared with the results published from our multi-ethnic HUSERMET single center cohort of EMAS wave two community-dwelling older White European men by IN-DEPTH META-ANALYSIS in terms of phase two differences in reproductive hormone levels as a function of the AR gene CAG repeat with adjustments made for age and center [EMAS] cross-compared to differences in reproductive hormone levels as a function of the regulators of metabolic damage [i.e. skin calliper body fat [%], waist circumference [cm], and BMI [kg/m2] with adjustment made for age [HUSERMET Study]. Acknowledging the strongest regulator of blood concentration of testosterone, in terms of differences in blood concentration of testosterone, between older men is BMI and its categories [2]. The statistics applied was the same [2] to yield evidence and will allow for direct cross-comparisons in terms of the [standardized] beta coefficient per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval, p-value [breakpoint], THE HIGH QUALITY MODEL BUILDING and THE COVARIATE STRUCTURE. The decisive mechanism proposed for the humane genetica high-level projekt originating from the EMAS multi-center study is age and center, time and space, whereas the decisive mechanism proposed for the ethnik high-level project originating from the HUSERMET multi-ethnic single center study is age, which represents cumulative damage across the lifespan [1], due to the large age differences observed across the community-dwelling older men of different ethnicity [2]. THE MALE SEX IS THE MOST SENSITIVE HUMAN ORGAN As indicated [1,5], the male sex is the most sensitive human organ. The contribution of the humane genetica for endocrine ageing of older men in relation to the most sensitive human organ, which is the male sex, was requested upon order of a ROTCHFILD to be assessed [1]. IN BONDS AS HUMAN EXPERIMENT PERFORMED BY Dr REGISTERED TO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ Importantly, the AR gene CAG repeat is currently the only informative genetic polymorphism [1]. The AR gene CAG repeat is only informative for the induction of THE KLAY FORM of older men inkluding THE REICHERUS in order to crack down RADAR and SPEKTROSKOPY [1,6], which can only be performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [1,6]. The tertiled AR gene CAG repeat is a severe sharpening of the AR gene CAG repeat as continuous measure and the tertiled AR gene CAG repeat offers more kontrol to induce THE KLAY FORM in older men as part of IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [6]. This is revealed by the AR gene CAG repeat tertile 1 offering relative higher sensitivity of target organ tissue to testosterone relative to tertile 2 and tertile 3 offering relative lower sensitivity of target organ tissue to testosterone relative to tertile 2 [6]. Therefore, the AR gene CAG repeat tertile 1 and the AR gene CAG repeat tertile 3 offer unique opportunities for pharmacological regulation of the induction of THE KLAY FORM in older men as part of IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [6].
Perspectives
THE COMPENSATION IN THE GONADAL AXIS We have demonstrated the relationship between the AR gene CAG repeat length and short term changes [over a 4-year period] in androgen-sensitive endpoints in community-dwelling older European men, whom are relatively healthy, and, in whom the compensation in the gonadal axis is maintained, could be explained by adjustments made for age and center [2]. The age and center adjustments are a proxy for time and space, and, may be considered to reflect endocrine entities, which are maintained, in time and space, as for example exposure to tap water in Europe [1]. The impact of the endocrine disruptor(s) will depend upon the dose, the frequency, and, the duration, of exposure to the respective endocrine disruptor, whether, potentially, by tap water or other potential forms of exposure to endocrine disruptors, which are maintained in time and space [1]. We hypothesize, the community-dwelling older European men, which are included in the analytical sample of our study, have an intact gonadal axis, which allows them to compensate for a potential adverse genetic background [2]. However, we also hypothesize these results could differ in patient populations, whom might have deficits in gonadal axis function [2] and regulation, and in whom the compensation in the gonadal axis has been broken [2] caused by for example endocrine disruption. However, the compensation in the gonadal axis is likely to remain dominant over genetic polymorphisms in the genes, which encode the mRNA, but not necessarily the proteins, which contribute to the gonadal axis [1]. However, the hormonal receptors of hormones as proteins, including, amongst others the androgen receptor, control every human cellular structure [1,3,6], and, allow for full control of human vitality defined as human function, human health, and human life [1]. THE HIGH QUALITY MODEL BUILDING AND THE COVARIATE STRUCTURE AFTER MINIMIZATION OF BIAS BY THE FLOW CHART AND THE EVALUATION OF THE MEASUREMENTS BY THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS: EMAS VERSUS HUSERMET The [standardized] beta coefficient per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval, p-value [breakpoint], and adjustments made for age and center, in the multi-center EMAS humane genetica high-level projekt, in terms of phase two differences in reproductive hormone levels as a function of the AR gene CAG repeat, yielded minimum explanatory value of the AR gene CAG repeat in the community-dwelling older European men [2]. The [standardized] beta coefficient per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval, p-value [breakpoint], and adjustment for age, in the multi-ethnic single center HUSERMET Study, in terms of differences in reproductive hormone levels as a function of the regulators of metabolic damage, which included skin calliper body fat, waist circumference, and, BMI, yielded large explanatory value of the regulators of metabolic damage in the community-dwelling older White European men. The multi-center EMAS humane genetica high-level projekt and the single center HUSERMET ethnik high-level projekt robustly minimized bias, as exemplified by the flow charts, robustly evaluated the measurements performed, as exemplified by the clinical characteristics, and robustly evaluated the impact of either the AR gene CAG repeat, in the EMAS, or the regulators of metabolic damage [i.e. skin calliper body fat, waist circumference, and, BMI], in the HUSERMET Study, as evidenced by THE HIGH QUALITY MODEL BUILDING in the EMAS and THE COVARIATE STRUCTURE in the HUSERMET Study. KONKLUSION Additional studies are required to gain deeper mechanistic insight into how compensation in the gonadal axis may offer resistance to endocrine disruption, such as, amongst others, potentially, endocrine disruption caused by exposure to tap water. Whether compensatory responses across the lifespan shape the phenotypic heterogeneity of ageing remains to be assessed [2]. The explanatory value of the only informative human genetic polymorphism, the AR gene CAG repeat, is likely to be minimum, apart from the important contributions made to the induction of THE KLAY FORM and the regulation of the induction of THE KLAY FORM as part of IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [6]. In contrast, the regulators of metabolic damage, such as skin calliper body fat percentage, waist circumference, and, BMI, have large explanatory value for reproductive hormone homeostasis among community-dwelling older White European men. This finding is congruent with the identification of BMI and its categories, which are the strongest regulators of metabolic damage, as the strongest regulators of blood concentration of testosterone in older men [2]. FUTURE PERSPEKTIVES The AR gene CAG repeat length is unlikely to be a biomarker of androgen action, whereby the compensation in the gonadal axis may be more important than the AR gene CAG repeat length [2]. The compensation in the gonadal axis should also be investigated in patient populations, whom may suffer from endocrine disruption and who may experience compromise of compensatory responses in the gonadal axis [2]. However, the AR gene CAG repeat tertile 1 and tertile 3 are expected [1] and proven [6] to be important for regulating the induction of THE KLAY FORM during IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ. Furthermore, the tertiled AR gene CAG repeat may prove to be important for establishing the stages for the induction of THE KLAY FORM during IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [1,6], which may offer the opportunity, as part of severely controlled mutagenesis [1,6], to trace both RADAR and SPEKTROSKOPY used by the older men inkluding THE REICHERUS who are subjected to IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [1,6]. Other entities to consider are the built environment [7] and the resources available [7], which may offer constraints, by which the contributions made by biological ageing, such as, amongst others, testosterone action, to the phenotypic heterogeneity of ageing can be less than expected [2]. This argues for the built environment and the resources allocated by laws [1], such as, for example, the supermarkets, as part of favorable urbanization [1], to be important to consider, when evaluating the impact of biological ageing, such as testosterone action, on phenotypic heterogeneity of ageing [1]. Laws may also prevent segments of the population participating in certain fundamental activities [7]. This also might influence how biological ageing, such as, amongst others, testosterone action, impacts upon the phenotypic heterogeneity of ageing. Therefore, biological ageing, such as, amongst others, testosterone action, which the population experiences might be influenced by the conditions granted to the population, which per population change per decade, may be favorable or unfavorable [2], and which may result, per decade per population change, in different phenotypic heterogeneity of ageing [2]. KONSIDERATIONS The induktion of THE KLAY FORM as part of IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ of older men inkluding THE REICHERUS remains dependent upon AR gene CAG repeat length [1,6] and the tertiled AR gene CAG repeat length offers fundamental improvement of the regulation of the induktion of THE KLAY FORM as part of IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ [6]. THE KLAY FORM may result in THE MULTI DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER to occur due to the induktion of the AR gene CAG repeat as DNA receptors [1,6]. However, whether the tertiles of the AR gene CAG repeat are informative for the regulation of the induction of THE KLAY FORM as part of IN BONDS as HUMAN EXPERIMENT performed by Dr registered to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HQ of older women including THE REICHERIN or newborns who have invaded via rebirth remains to be assessed, comprehensively, by MOLEKULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY as RESEARCH | ANALYSIS and RESEARCH | ANALYZE [6]. CITATIONS [1]. I received an explanation of exceptional quality LEKTURED to me once by a DORATEA JAYDEN KOBRA REICHERIN HITLER who is a Your Majesty who is a GROOTMOEDER PETRONELLA DORATHEA JOHANNA HORSMEIER who is a FRAULEIN URSULA VON DER LEYEN President of the European Commission and who is a REICHERIN AUGUSTUS as a REICHERIN INTERNATIONAL HITLER based on KEIZERLIJK WITNESS TESTIMONY OF REICHERIN HITLER KATHERIN HITLER REICHERIN JOHANZON who is a President of The European Central Bank who is THE DOMINANT ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM JUDGE and whose KEIZERLIJK WITNESS TESTIMONY has been hundred percent validated by RADAR granting HITLER to be a hundred percent restored. [2]. Prof Frederick Wu Emeritus Professor. Seminar room. Andrology Research Unit. Old St. Mary's Hospital. The University of Manchester. [3]. Jean D. Wilson, Daniel W. Foster, Henry M. Kronenburg, P. Reed Larsen, Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 9th edition ISBN-13: 978-0721661520 ISBN-10: 0721661521. [4]. Consultant Dr Tomás B. Ahern. Analist room. Andrology Research Unit. Old St. Mary's Hospital. The University of Manchester. [5]. Eberhard Nieschlag, Hermann M. Behre, Susan Nieschlag, Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction 3rd, Completely Revised and Updated Edition ISBN-13: 978-3662517383 ISBN-10: 3662517388 [6] Confirmed and fully confirmed to me by RADAR by Dr Bernadette Daelmans. [7]. World report on ageing and health. World Health Organization. 2015. ISBN 978 92 4 069481 1 (PDF). Chapter 2 Healthy Ageing. Page 32.
B.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D. LICENSED DIREKTOR-SEKURITY PARLIAMENTARIAN Robert J.A.H. Eendebak [Horsmeijer] [Horsmeier]
Sabiha Gökçen Student Foundation
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This page is a summary of: The androgen receptor gene CAG repeat in relation to 4-year changes in androgen-sensitive endpoints in community-dwelling older European men, European Journal of Endocrinology, September 2016, Bioscientifica,
DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0447.
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