Cobalt effects and individual resistance to hypoxia: a new look at an old problem

What is it about?

In this paper, show that individual resistance to hypoxia provides individual reaction of xenobiotics biotransformation and may be an important criterion for an individual approach in the pharmacotherapy of diseases and hypoxic states. These changes are tissue-specific and depend on metabolic processes, redox properties, and prooxidant/antioxidant ratio in tissues. It may result in appropriate correction ensure. The reasons for the physiological reactions of hypoxia and hypoxia modulator agents of oxidative metabolism remain not totally understood. This is significant because individual approach to the study of these phenomena cobalt impact and individual reaction on its administration and mechanisms pharmacological corrections by different modulators is fully justified and is not represented in the scientific literature. Significance and novelty of the work is important because it is known that each population (animals or humans) always has an individuals that are in varying degrees (more or less pronounced, or lack of effect) are influenced by various pharmacological agents. These effects are caused by a genetic predisposition of animals (Wistar and August rats, for example), or as indicated earlier, the participation of various parts of the autonomic nervous system regulation (parasympathetic and sympathetic) in the tissue functioning. It is also associated with a genetic predisposition functioning of cytochrome P450 in the liver, as shown previously. Thereby, the animals are able to metabolize xenobiotics at varying degrees on the genetic level. To identify these features animals can be divided into two groups with different resistance to hypoxia. For this we use two extreme possibilities - two physiological reactions on the same pharmacological agent. In our case such effective models of these type investigations may be the animals with different resistance to hypoxia - high and low resistance.

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Why is it important?

The problem is being addressed many scientist working with models animal’s groups. We have hope that our findings could be useful for further research and will have a great interest of the vision scientists, researchers, clinicians, and trainees who read our Journal. Cobalt effects on different groups of animals or humans have been previously presented in the literature, but the interest in the cobalt effects increased when the number of scientific reports presented research participation as a cobalt undetectable doping and corrector hypoxic conditions. Currently used blood doping methods usually involve stimulation of erythropoiesis using erythropoietin (EPO) or its recombinant form. Recent studies suggest that cobalt chloride can be used as doping not only for humans but also for animals in particular horses. Cobalt chloride is a well-established hypoxia mimetic and inducer of hypoxia-like responses. It can cause gene modulation at the hypoxia inducible factor pathway to stimulate EPO transcription and increase its levels in blood. Low (therapeutic) doses of cobalt chloride may stimulate erythropoiesis and result in enhanced oxygen carrying capacity. Supraphysiological doses of cobalt chloride may result in systemic cytotoxicity, myocardial dysfunction and acute inflammatory responses in the myocardium leading to cardiac arrest and death. Why it is important? We decided to use a dose of cobalt, which is used for doping, and carry out the scientific investigations. We think that the readership of the Journal would be interested in it.

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