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If income is risky, then using expected income to assess poverty will usually underestimate poverty.
This page is a summary of: Poverty Measurement Under Income Risk / Armutsmessung bei Einkommensrisiken, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, January 2004, De Gruyter,
DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2004-0304.
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