Measuring the Deterrent Effect of European Cartel Law Enforcement

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Properly interpreted, this new approach can also be used to estimate the deterrent effect of anti-cartel regimes of other countries, of prohibitions of other anticompetitive practices such as licensing, vertical restraints, the abuse of dominant market positions and - generally - of sanctions against deviant behavior in other areas of the law and society. Expanding the model to include elements such as a decentralized application of the competition rules and leniency programs would be another interesting avenue of further research, as is a more explicit modeling of private enforcement and a comparison of the performance of different law enforcement systems (per se rule vs. rule of reason, notification vs. legal exemption) or legal rules.

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