What is it about?
The great success of Italian design after world war II was possible thanks to a 'second-order' approach to innovation. From the discussion of two companies as case studies, Bialetti and Olivetti, we have identified the role played by informal social networks (Cenacoli) engaged in the research of an original style design form (Garbo).
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Why is it important?
A second-order approach to innovation highlights the role of the social environment, made of several social networks, which possess values, expectations and resources to be invested in specific projects. Bialetti and Olivetti represent two successful examples of this approach.
Perspectives
Nowadays, Cenacoli and Garbo can be considered analytically as conceptual tools useful for rethinking innovation modelling.
Roberto Carradore
Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
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This page is a summary of: Garbo and cenacoli of Italian design in the 1960s: A second-order approach to innovation, Technoetic Arts, June 2021, Intellect,
DOI: 10.1386/tear_00053_1.
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